Key Terms
Early Greek Civilization
Daily Life in Athens
Sparta and Athens
The Spread of Greek Culture
100
What is a plague?
A widespread disease
100
Describe the geography of Greece
Greece is a peninsula made up of smaller peninsulas and islands. Mountains are the major landform of Greece
100
What was the Golden Age of Athens?
A period of time during which philosophy and the arts flourished and democracy reached its highest point. Athens grew rich from trade and silver mined around the city
100
What was the main focus in Sparta?
War and military matters
100
Who was Alexander the Great?
The King of Macedonia from 336 to 323 BC. He expanded the Macedonian empire, conquering Persia, Egypt, and lands beyond the Indus River to the east.
200
What is an area of land nearly surrounded by water and connected to the mainland by a narrow strip of land?
A peninsula
200
What characterized the Dark Ages of Greece?
Widespread poverty, no trading outside of Greece, the practice of writing was forgotten
200
What was the goal of Greek art?
To present images of human perfection
200
Who ruled life in Sparta?
The government
200
What was the effect of Greek expansion?
Greek culture spread to many other areas
300
What is a form of government in which citizens govern themselves?
A democracy
300
How did the geography of Greece affect the development of ancient Greek civilization?
Greek communities developed their own customs and beliefs and often fought among themselves
300
What was the role of gods in ancient Greece?
Gods were believed to govern over different areas of human life - for example, Poseidon was the god of the sea and water, Hera was the goddess of marriage and women, and Athena was the goddess of war. Ancient Greeks took great care in honoring their gods and tried not to anger them.
300
What was the role of women in Sparta?
Girls trained and competed in wrestling and spear throwing. Women were allowed to own land and take part in business
300
What was the Hellenistic Age?
The period of time after the death of Alexander the Great
400
What is an agora?
A public market and meeting place in ancient Greece
400
Who was the Athenian leader Solon?
A leader who canceled all debts and allowed male citizens of Athens aged 18 or older to debate laws - this led to the creation of democracy
400
What was the role of women in Athens?
Women remained at home, taking care of household duties including childcare, looking after food supplies, and keeping track of family finances
400
What was the Peloponnesian War?
A war between Sparta and Athens that lasted 27 years, which eventually led to the fall of Athens
400
What important achievements were made during the Hellenistic Period?
Advances in math and science
500
What is a fortified hill of an ancient Greek city?
An acropolis
500
Why did tyrants come to power?
Aristocratic governments did not treat the middle class fairly. Tyrants were supported by the middle class, who gained military strength over time
500
How many people were enslaved in ancient Athens?
One third of all people - as many as 10,000 people
500
What event led to the fall of Athens?
Athens was struck by a plague early in the Peloponnesian War
500
What subject did Euclid advance considerably?
Geometry
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