Early Civilizations
Sumerian city-states developed near these two rivers.
Tigris and Euphrates
This Babylonian ruler conquered Akkad and Sumer and established his capital at Babylon. He proceeded to compile one of the earliest written code of laws.
This river's predictable seasonal flooding helped make large-scale Egyptian civilization possible.
The Nile
This sea's name means "The Middle of the World"
Mediterranean
A group of people that move around from place to place following the migration and growing patterns of their food.
Nomad
Because flooding in Mesopotamia was unpredictable, the Sumerians utilized this to manage their waters.
The Assyrians were able to conquer Babylon in part because they had this technological advantage over the Babylonians.
Iron Weapons
This writing system conveys meaning through pictures and symbols, and decorated important temples, tombs, and mummy sarcophagi.
Hieroglyphics
The religion practiced by the ancient Israelites, that according to scripture, was revealed to them by the Prophet Abraham.
Judaism
The term for changing animals to be raised and used for human use, such as protection, eggs, meat, and labor.
Domestication
Sumerian temples were built on top of these massive stepped structures.
Ziggurat
The Babylonian Emperor helped build Babylon to its height, overseeing projects such as the Hanging Gardens.
Nebuchadnezzar II
Egyptians believed these people were gods and that following them helped maintain a stable world order.
Pharaoh
This nomadic group eventually settled and spread their common language families far across Eurasia
Indo-Europeans
A village's farmers produce enough food that not everyone needs to spend their day getting food. This allows some villagers to become artisans, priests, or other specialized workers. What concept made this possible?
Surplus
This Sumerian invention allowed goods to be transported more efficiently and helped make long-distance trade easier.
Wheels
Sargon kept Sumerian rulers as governors after conquering their cities. This kept people across a large area of land stay loyal to this empire.
Akkad
King Menes is remembered for doing this around 3,100 BCE.
Uniting Upper and Lower Egypt
This activity became the basis of Phoenician prosperity. and settlement across the Mediterranean.
Trade
A community has farmers, potters, textile workers, and metalworkers. This division of jobs would have been difficult when everyone had to focus on obtaining food. What development made it possible?
Specialization
Sumerian city-states were considered this type of government because their kings ruled with authority believed to come from the gods.
Theocracy
Sargon's grandson who claimed to be the "King of the Four Corners of the Universe."
Naram-Sim
This organization of officials and procedures allowed the pharaoh to administer Egypt's 42 provinces.
Bureaucracy
The Phoenicians developed this linguistic system with 22 symbols representing 22 unique sounds.
Alphabet
A complex society with specialized jobs, a unique culture, permanent settlements, and advanced legal and political institutions.
Civilization