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When did the Boer War start?
October 1899.
Who was president of the Transvaal in 1899?
Paul Kruger.
When did the Boer War end?
May 1902
Name the treaty that ended the war.
Peace of Vereeniging/ Treaty of Vereeniging.
What is a bittereinder?
Boer women who wanted to continue the war with the British despite everything they'd lost.
How many African men and women were put into concentration camps?
Approximately 115 000
How many African men helped the British?
Between 10 000 - 30 000
Why did the British want the war to end?
It was expensive and they had lost a lot of troops.
Who introduced Scorched Earth policies?
Lord Kitchener
Explain how Boer morale was impacted by British tactics.
Concentration camps - Boers suffered knowing their wives and children were at risk.
Scorched Earth - Boers suffered when their farms and land were destroyed (loss of supplies and safe havens)
Explain how Boer tactics were initially successful.
-They knew the landscape and wore clothing to blend in
- Used guerilla tactics (small groups who would attack quickly)
-Had horses (could move long distances with ease)
Explain why black men joined the war effort.
Some had no choice and were forced to work for the British or Boers (lost land due to fighting and Scorched Earth), some wanted to earn wages, and some were hoping for improved political rights after the war.
When and where were minerals discovered in SA?
Gold and diamonds were discovered in Kimberley and the Witwatersrand from 1867-1886.
Explain the role played by black men during the war (five roles).
Spies, scouts, messengers, protected blockhouses, burned farms during Scorched Earth, agterryers, gun bearers.
Explain the role played by Boer women in the war.
Boer women often joined the men on the frontlines (loaded guns, carried weapons etc.); they took over farm care while men were away; they acted as nurses.
Name two chiefdoms that were able to regain land during the war (which they had lost to Boers).
Pedi and Tswana
How did concentration camps impact women (white and black), and how many died?
Women were forced into overcrowded tents with no sanitation, little food, and could easily catch diseases. 29000 Boer women died. NO records were kept for black women.
Explain the role played by African women during the war.
Black women acted as scouts, spies, messengers, washerwomen, and servants. They were forced to work for both the Boers and British for little pay, but high risk.
Identify three key areas that were seized by the Boers during the war.
Kimberely, Mafeking and Ladysmith
Explain two concessions made by the British during the peace treaty.
Money would be given to restore Boer farms, Boers could elect their own government, and black men would not be given the right to vote.