Characters in Charge
This pig takes power after Old Major's death and raises nine puppies in secret.
Napoleon
The old boar whose speech about rebellion starts the whole story.
Old Major
The project Snowball champions and Napoleon first opposes, then claims as his own.
The windmill
In Chapter 7, Napoleon fills nearly empty grain bins with sand and tops them with grain in order to do this.
Hide the food shortage from visitors
Squealer's job on the farm, in one word.
Propaganda (accept: persuader / spokesman)
This pig is exiled after the windmill debate, then blamed for nearly everything that goes wrong.
Snowball
The song the animals sing as their anthem of rebellion, later banned.
Beasts of England
After Snowball is chased off by the dogs, these meetings are abolished and the pigs decide alone.
Sunday debates / Sunday meetings
The hens rebel when ordered to give up their eggs; this many hens die when Napoleon cuts their rations.
Nine
The commandment about beds is changed by adding these two words.
With sheets
This pig explains away every change with statistics, slogans, and revised history.
Squealer
The first rule-writing: the animals paint these on the barn wall after Jones is driven out.
The Seven Commandments
Napoleon begins dealing with humans through this solicitor, breaking the early rule against trade.
Mr. Whymper
After the confessions in Chapter 7, the animals are executed — and this is the effect Napoleon wants.
Fear that silences opposition
The commandment about alcohol is changed to this exact revised wording.
No animal shall drink alcohol to excess
This horse's two maxims are “I will work harder” and “Napoleon is always right” — and they cost him everything.
Boxer
Mollie leaves the farm for these two comforts, showing she never wanted the revolution's sacrifices.
Sugar and ribbons
When the first windmill falls in a storm, Napoleon blames this animal rather than the weather or bad building.
Snowball
Frederick pays for timber with these, then attacks and destroys the windmill.
Forged banknotes
The “Spontaneous Demonstrations” in Chapter 9 are staged for this purpose.
To make the animals feel conditions are improving while rations fall
This donkey can read as well as any pig, yet refuses to lead, saying life will go on as it has always gone on. What does his refusal show about the farm?
Benjamin; that knowledge without action changes nothing
At the Battle of the Cowshed, Snowball is wounded and Boxer kills a stable boy — yet Boxer is troubled afterwards. Why does that moment matter?
It shows the revolution's violence is real and costly, even for its strongest supporter
The animals work longer hours hauling stone for the windmill, yet are told life is better. What technique is Napoleon already using here?
Propaganda: redefining hardship as progress while the pigs take the rewards
In Chapter 10 the second windmill is finished, but it is used for milling corn for profit, not for the electricity and leisure once promised. What does that change prove?
The revolution's promises were abandoned once the pigs became owners
The final single commandment is “All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.” Why does the contradiction work as control?
It makes inequality sound like a rule of nature, so the animals stop questioning it