SNS
Nickname for this division of the ANS.
What is fight or flight?
Cranial nerve carrying ~90% of parasympathetic outflow.
What is the vagus nerve (X)?
This "master gland" sits in the sella turcica.
What is the pituitary gland?
Butterfly-shaped gland that regulates basal metabolic rate.
What is the thyroid gland?
Clusters of pancreatic cells producing insulin and glucagon.
What are pancreatic islets or Islets of Langerhans?
Hormones (like testosterone and estrogen) that can cross the cell membrane.
What are Steroid (Lipid-soluble) hormones?
Primary feedback loop used to maintain stable levels.
What is negative feedback?
Neurotransmitter released by most sympathetic postganglionic neurons.
What is Norepinephrine?
All parasympathetic postganglionic neurons release this.
What is Acetylcholine (Ach)?
Brain region that controls the pituitary via hormones/nerves.
What is the hypothalamus?
Essential trace element for T3 and T4 production.
What is iodine?
Hormone released when blood glucose levels are too low.
What is glucagon?
Water-soluble hormones must bind to receptors here.
What is the cell membrane?
Pineal gland hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles.
What is melatonin?
Gland stimulated to release adrenaline during emergencies.
What is the adrenal medulla?
Effect of the parasympathetic system on the pupils.
What is constrict?
The posterior pituitary stores and releases ADH and this.
What is oxytocin?
Four tiny glands that regulate blood calcium levels.
What is the parathyroid gland?
The outer layer of the adrenal gland.
What is the Adrenal Cortex
Common "Second Messenger" activated inside the cell.
What is Cyclic AMP (cAMP)?
When an organ receives both Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nerves.
What is dual innervation?
Respiratory pathways do this to allow more airflow.
What is dilate?
Post-synaptic ganglia are this length in the PNS.
What is short?
Pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid.
What is thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?
Hormone released by the thyroid to lower blood calcium.
What is calcitonin?
The "stress hormone" that helps resist long-term stressors.
What is cortisol?
Name for ANS receptors that bind to acetylcholine in both PNS and SNS.
What are nicotinic receptors?
These are the components that give RAAS it's name?
What are Renin, Angiotensin, & Aldosterone?
The anatomical name for the sympathetic division.
What is Thoracolumbar?
Anatomical name for the parasympathetic division.
What is Craniosacral?
Blood vessel system connecting the hypothalamus and pituitary.
What is the Hypophyseal Portal System?
T3 and T4 are made from this in this location.
What is Thyroglobulin in the colloid of thyroid follicles?
Adrenal hormone that regulates BP via sodium reabsorption.
What is aldosterone?
Adrenergic receptors on the heart that increase heart rate.
What are Beta-1 cells?
The body can no longer maintain homeostasis during this phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome.
What is exhaustion?