ANS general knowledge
The "cholinergic" system refers to ______, while the "adrenergic" system refers to _______.
What is PNS and SNS?
The drugs that P.P.E.T stand for.
Double points for naming which receptors they activate.
What are Pseudoephedrine (A1, A2, B2), Phenylephrine (A1), Ephedrine (A1, B1, B2), and Terbutaline (B2)?
The two main side effects of vasodilators (Alpha1 blockers, ending in -azosin).
what is orthostatic hypotension and reflex tachycardia?
The two most distinct side effects of ACE inhibitors.
What are angioedema and cough?
This electrolyte should never be given through IV push.
What is KCl?
Where 75% of PNS fibers are located.
What is the vagus nerve?
The drugs that D.D.I.N.E. stands for.
Double points for naming which receptors they activate.
What are Dobutamine (B1), Dopamine (A1, B1), Isoproterenol (B1, B2), Norepinephrine (A1, A2, B1), and Epinephrine (A1, A2, B1, B2)?
The antidote used for extravasation of an Alpha 1 agonist.
What is phentolamine?
These are the vessels affected by hydralazine.
What are arterioles? (has little to no effect on veins)
These meds are used with spironolactone and eplerenone to avoid hyperkalemia.
What are thiazide and loop diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide)?
One name for an SNS stimulant is _____, and one name for an SNS inhibitor is ____.
Stimulants: sympathomimetic, alpha and beta adrenergic agonist
Inhibitors: sympatholytic, antiadrenergic, alpha and beta blockers
The four major receptors and their effects.
Alpha 1: vasoconstriction
Alpha 2: vasodilation
Beta 1: Renin release, increase rate and force of AV conduction
Beta 2: bronchodilation, glycogenesis, and relaxes smooth muscle
The indications for taking a beta-blocker (6 out of 12).
What is angina, hypertension, tachyarrhythmias, MI, CHF, glaucoma, stage fright, migraine prophylaxis, pheochromocytoma (adrenal medulla tumor), hyperthyroidism, POTS, and LQTS?
These are the three substances that have interactions with Non-DHP.
What are grapefruits, digoxin, and beta blockers?
You should avoid taking this diuretic with other ototoxic drugs.
Double points for naming two other ototoxic drugs.
What is Furosemide?
(Gentamicin, neomycin, amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin, erythromycin)
The two things that the SNS influences that the PNS does not.
What is coagulation and blood glucose?
The three differences between catecholamines and non-catecholamines.
What is the ability to cross the BBB, half-life, and whether they are given orally?
The three beta-blockers that are used in CHF.
What is carvedilol, metoprolol, and bisoprolol?
This is the first line drug used for HTN in pregnant patients.
What is Nefedipine (DHP)?
This mineral should be avoided with furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide because the body could mistake it for Na+.
What is lithium?
The role of acetylcholine in the SNS, PNS, and somatic nervous systems.
What is preganglionic in the SNS, and the main neurotransmitter in the somatic and PNS?
The major contraindications for Adrenergic agonists (4 out of 7).
What are cardiac arrhythmias, angina, HTN, hyperthyroidism, severe anxiety, psychiatric disorders, and the elderly (uses cautiously)?
The four antidotes used to treat the adverse effects of beta-blockers.
(one for bradycardia, two for CHF, and one for bronchoconstriction)
What are atropine, digoxin, diuretics, and bronchodilators?
These are the first line drugs used to treat HTN in heart failure patients (5).
What are diuretics, beta-blockers, ACEI, ARBs, and aldosterone antagonists?
The unique side effects for spironolactone and eplerenone.
What is gynecomastia and leg cramps?