Digestive Anatomy
Main site of nutrient absorption?
Small intestine.
What type of digestive system does a pig have?
Monogastric.
Who produces cellulase in cattle?
Rumen microbes.
Organ that produces amylase, lipase, and proteases?
Pancreas.
Faster passage usually does what to rumen fiber digestion?
Decreases it.
Three sources of water available to an animal?
Drinking water, feed water, metabolic water.
First section of the small intestine?
Duodenum.
Where does most enzymatic digestion occur in pigs?
Small intestine.
Major energy-yielding products of rumen fermentation?
VFAs.
Main role of pancreatic bicarbonate?
Neutralize acidic chyme.
Same protein percentage means the same nutritional value? Why?
No. Digestibility can differ.
Energy in the body is transferred mainly by this molecule.
ATP
Which organ produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate?
Pancreas.
Where does most microbial fermentation occur in horses?
Cecum and colon.
More forage generally means more what?
Rumination and saliva.
Inactive form of an enzyme
Zymogen.
Why can faster rumen passage reduce fiber digestibility?
Less time for microbial fermentation.
Put in order: NE, GE, ME, DE.
GE -> DE -> ME -> NE.
Name the four ruminant stomach compartments.
Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum.
In horses, which two structures are the major sites of microbial fermentation?
Cecum and colon.
Diet -> ______ -> fermentation -> nutrients.
Microbes.
Lactose becomes which two sugars?
Glucose and galactose.
What two measurements are needed to calculate apparent total-tract digestibility?
Intake and fecal output.
Formula used to estimate metabolic body weight
BW⁰·⁷⁵?
Which anatomical difference explains why cattle can use microbial protein more efficiently than horses?
Fermentation occurs before the small intestine in cattle.
Why can a horse utilize fiber better than a pig?
More extensive hindgut fermentation.
What happens to rumen microbes after they leave the rumen?
They are digested by the animal.
Two conditions that affect enzyme activity
pH and temperature.
Intake = 10 kg DM; feces = 3 kg DM. Digestibility?
70%.
Four main ways animals lose energy
feces, urine, gas, and heat?