Competition
This industry was subject to ruinous competition in the 1890s and 1900s.
What are the railroads?
This type of restraint involves a manufacturer and a supplier.
This type of pricing occurs when one competitor changes their price and another one follows.
What is a parallel pricing?
This section of the Sherman Anti-Trust deals with monopolies.
What is Section 2?
Pharmaceutical companies apply for these to gain a government sanctioned monopoly for their drugs.
What are patents?
In this case court's ruled that creating a new product and decreasing transaction costs was strong pro-competitive benefit.
What is BMI?
This case established that uniform price fixing is per se illegal.
What is Trenton Potteries?
In this case the courts rule that juries can both find that parties colluded without a formal agreement.
What is Interstate Circuit?
In this infamous 1911 case the court ruled that mergers to monopoly were illegal.
What is Standard Oil?
In this case minimum retail price maintenance agreements were ruled per se illegal.
What is Dr Miles?
This type of competition involves retailers competing against each other.
What is intrabrand competition?
The court rules that most horizontal restraints are this. It also is latin for "by itself."
What is per se illegal?
Despite the lack of a formal agreement, in this case the court ruled that the companies had violated anti-trust law given that the companies had nearly identical prices for over 10 years.
What is American Tabacco?
This fallacy occurs when courts rule for the defendants because they believe that the defendants couldn't charge a higher (monopoly price) and thus couldn't have a monopoly.
What is the cellophane fallacy?
In this case Dr Miles was overturned, allowing minimum retail price maintenance agreements to be evaluated under the rule of reason.
What is Leegin?
In this case the courts ruled that ensuring public safety was insufficient to prove pro-competitive effects under the rule of reason.
What is Engineers?
In this case maximum retail price maintenance agreements were ruled per se illegal.
What is Albriecht?
In this case the courts ruled that parallel business behavior does not itself establish agreement if it's within their self interest.
What is Theatre Enterprises?
This term is used to describe the deadweight loss from monopolies using their profits to protect their monopoly status.
The Supreme Court used this test to evaluate reverse patent payments in Actavis.
What is the rule of reason?