Drug Inactivation
The method of antibiotic resistance involving inactivating drugs that enter the cell
New Enzymes
The method that decreased drug uptake receives its antibiotic resistance
Mutation
Term used for the site on a microbe where a drug can attach itself
Binding Site
This form of new gene acquisition involves receiving genetic information from other microbes
Horizontal Gene Transfer
Term for a plasmid carrying genes related to the resistance of antibiotics
(R)esistance Factor
Three letter suffix indicating that the term refers to an enzyme
-ase
True or False. The decreased drug uptake is a result of the receptor on the outside of the cell becoming a different shape.
True
A specific series of linked chemical reactions within a cell that involves either the building or breaking down of molecules
A Metabolic Pathway
Binary Fission
Penicillin
Site located on the enzyme responsible for binding to the substrate
Active site
The kind of transport that the antibiotic takes when eliminated by a drug pump
Active transport
The two processes capable of causing a decrease in the binding sites of a microbe
Mutation and HGT (Horizontal Gene Transfer)
The scientific term used to describe random changes in the bacterial genome not caused by external factors
Spontaneous Mutation
Scottish bacteriologist who discovered the first antibiotic
Alexander Fleming
The most common method in which microbes obtain genes coding for the synthesis of new enzymes
Horizontal Gene Transfer
The structure that eliminates the antibiotic soon after it enters the cell
Drug Pump
Name the structure involved in metabolism that is modified to alter the metabolic pathway and become resistant to antibiotic attack
Enzymes
Name the three types of horizontal gene transfer
Tranformation
Transduction
Conjugation
Name the microbe used in the Harvard "Mega-Plate" Petri dish experiment demonstrating the propagation of increasing antibiotic resistance
E. Coli
The process in which the chemical bonds of an antibiotic can be broken using water
Hydrolysis
While some microbes contain pumps that only target specific compounds, others use these structures capable of eliminating many different antibiotics from the cell
Multidrug Resistance Pumps
Name an RNA and protein structure containing binding sites that can be targeted by antibiotics
Ribosome
Between HGT and mutation, this must occur first for antibiotic resistance to appear within an isolated population of bacteria
Mutation
Name for bacteria with antibiotic resistance involving the slowing or stopping of metabolism
Hint: Method not acquired through HGT or mutation
"Peristers"