Upper Limbs
Girdle that holds/supports the upper limbs
Pectoral
Holds/supports the lower limbs
Pelvic girdle
Another name for a joint
Articulate/Articulation
Specialized, rigid fibrous joints that connect the bony plates of the skull; flexible in infants (bonus: name them)
Sutures (sagittal, coronal, and lambdoid)
Division of the skeleton composed of bones of upper and lower limbs
Appendicular
Components of the upper limb
Brachium (arm), antebrachium (forearm), hand
Bones of the pelvis (bonus: another name for hip bones)
Sacrum, coccyx, and left/right hip bones (Ossa coxae)
bonus: give an example
Trochlea (ex. trochlea of the humerus (elbow) or femur (knee))
Name for the cranial bones
bonus: name all of them
Neurocranium: front, parietal (2), temporal (2), occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid
Bone markings (AKA processes) that are elevations or outgrowths of bone tissue extending beyond the main surface and at least three examples/types
Projection: tuberosity (large, rounded, or roughened), tubercle (small, rounded), trochanter (very large, blunt, irregularly shaped found only on the femur), crest (narrow, prominent ridge), line (narrow, less prominent ridge), spine (sharp, slender, often pointed), epicondyle (based on or above a condyle), process
bony framework of the chest that protects organs (bonus: what is another name for the breastbone)
thoracic cage (sternum)
What bones make up the proximal row of the tarsals? (bonus: describe or locate them)
Talus: superior and articulates with the tibia, Calcaneus: largest and forms the heel, Navicular: on the medial side of the ankle
Three structural classes of joints (bonus: describe them)
Fibrous: bones held together by dense CT (collagen tissue), Cartilaginous: bones joined by cartilage, Synovial: bones joined by ligaments with fluid-filled cavities separating bone surfaces
Name for the joints connecting the skull to the vertebral column
head articulation
4 spinal curvatures
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral
How many carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges are in the upper limb (one limb)?
8 carpals, 5 metacarpals, and 14 phalanges
How many tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges are in the lower limb (one limb)?
7 tarsal bones, 5 metatarsal bones, and 14 phalanges
Location of localized swelling known as Bunions that causes the toe to point inwards
Metatarsophalangeal joint
Name for facial bones
bonus: name all of them
viscerocranium: mandible, maxillae (2), zygomatic bones (2), nasal bones, lacrimal bones (2), palatine bones (2), inferior nasal conchae (2), vomer
Distinct features on the surface of bones that serve as conduits for nerves, blood vessels, or spaces for articulations, ligaments, and tendons AND at least two examples/types
Openings and spaces: canal (long tunnel-like foramen or passage through bone), meatus (tube-like canal or passage extending within a bone protecting nerves or vessels), sinus (hollow, air-filled cavity often lined with mucous membrane), fissure (narrow, slit-like opening or cleft between adjacent bones), foramen (opening or hole in a bone)
Movement of thumb towards tips of fingers at carpometacarpal joint (bonus: what is the opposite?)
Opposition and Reposition
Which bones make up the distal row of the tarsals?
Medial, intermediate, lateral cuneiforms, cuboid bones
Three functional classes of joints (bonus: describe them and their structural class)
Synarthroses: immobile (F/C), Amphiarthroses: slightly mobile (F/C), and Diarthroses: freely mobile (synovial)
A type of depression in which a shallow, narrow groove or furrow in the surface of the body, most commonly referring to the cerebral cortex that separate gyri (ridges) (bonus: what is their function?)
Sulcus: increases brain surface area and fissures (deeper and larger sulci) divide brain lobes and hemispheres
A shallowed, depressed, or hollow structure that acts a as a depression to receive other structures (bonus: give an example)
Fossa (ex. cranial fossae, antecubital/olecranon fossa (elbow), iliac fossa (pelvis))