Blood
What are the 3 functions of blood
Transport, regulation, and protection
What are the formed elements of blood after being centrifuged?
RBCs, WBCs, platelets
Explain why the circulatory system is a closed system.
The blood stays inside a continuous network of blood vessels rather than freely flowing everywhere in the body
Explain the blood flow pathway in order
Vena cava (I/S), RA, tricuspid valve, RV, Pulmonary semilunar valve, Pulmonary trunk/arteries, lungs, Pulmonary veins, LA, Mitral valve, Left ventricle, Aortic semilunar valve, Aorta, Body
What's 9+10?
21
Which blood type is the universal recipient? Why?
AB+; no anti A or B antibodies
Explain erythropoiesis in order
1. Low O2 is detected by kidneys
2. Kidneys release erythropoietin
3. Erythropoietin stimulates in red bone marrow
4. Increased RBC production
5. O2 carrying capacity rises
Which arteries carry deoxygenated blood? Which veins carry oxygenated
blood?
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary veins
List the correct order of blood vessels
Arteries -> Arteries -> Capillaries -> Venules -> Veins
Who painted the Mona Lisa
Leonardo da Vinci
Why don't the red blood cells survive for more than 120 days
They have no nucleus, so no synthesizing new proteins to repair damage
Explain the purpose of each leukocytes
Neutrophil: 1st responder, attacks and destroys bacteria
Eosinophils: Fights parasites and responds to allergic rxn
Basophil: Releases histamine and other chemicals during inflammation and contributes to allergic rxns
Lymphocytes: Very specific immune response, has B and T cells
Monocytes: Big macrophages that eat any pathogens and debris
What is the SA node?
Heart's natural pacemaker
Sends electrical impulse to cause the atria to contract
What are the 2 capillary exchange mechanism? What do they do?
Hydrostatic: Pushes fluid out at arterial end
Osmotic:Pulls fluid in at venous end
What was the 1st Pixar movie?
Toy Story
Why is vasospasm considered the first and beneficial response to vessel damage?
It immediately reduces the blood flow and it limits blood loss by constricting the damaged vessel
Explain the blood clotting in order
1. Vasospasm
2. Platelet plug formation
3. Prothrombin + Ca2 into Thrombin
4. Fibrinogen into Fibrin
5. Stable clot formation
What ions are detected by the chemoreceptors in the CV center?
Co2, O2, pH
Very sensitive to CO2 change
Explain the cardiac conduction system in order
SA node -> AV node -> AV bundle -> bundle branches -> Purkinje fibers
Originally, Amazon only sold what kind of product?
Books
What would be a reasonable white blood cell count for someone
with leukemia (cancer of the white blood cells)?
An abnormally high amount of WBC
Average is about 4,000-11,000 cells/mm3, so like 50000-100000 cells/mm3
Explain the hemoglobin recycling in order
1. Hemoglobin splits into heme & globin
2. Globin is recycled into amino acids
3. Heme is broken down into iron & biliverdin
4. Iron is recycled
5. Biliverdin is converted into bilirubin then excreted into bile
Which receptors detect changes in blood pressure and send signals to the cardiovascular center?
Barorecptors in the aortic and carotid bodies
Explain the cardiac cycle in order
1. Late diastole
2. Atrial systole
3. Isovolumic ventricular contraction (lub)
4. Ventricular ejection
5. Isovolumic ventricular relaxation (dub)
6. Cycle repeats
What is the term for the fear of the number 13
Triskaldekaphobia