Ch. 1
The study of body structure
What is anatomy?
four major categories of organic carbon compounds?
What are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids?
Maintains relatively stable internal conditions within the body?
What is homeostasis?
Name three major historical scientists and their contributions to anatomy or physiology.
ok buddy
Glucose + fructose produces
Sucrose
modes of assessment
What are inspection, palpation, auscultation, and percussion?
types of chemical bonds?
What are ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds?
biological molecule is a polymer made of amino acids?
What is homeostasis?
Study of how hormones affect the body.
what is Endocrinology?
Which polysaccharide stores energy in humans, which stores energy in plants, and which provides structural strength to plant cell walls?
Glycogen → starch → cellulose
scientific method uses numerous similar observations to make generalizations and predictions
What is the inductive method?
lipid consists of three fatty acids covalently bonded to glycerol?
What is a triglyceride?
process joins monomers together to form polymers through the loss of water?
What is polymerization through dehydration synthesis?
Scientist starts with the observation that cats are living organisms. They then form the hypothesis that cats should be composed of cells because all living organisms are composed of cells. Which scientific method does this represent?
Hypothetico-deductive method
fatty acid has a kink that prevents fatty acids from packing closely together.
what is cis-fatty acid?
concept states that humans are greater than the sum of their individual parts
What is holism?
body’s most important energy-transfer molecule and becomes ADP + Pi after hydrolysis?
What is ATP?
process breaks a polymer apart by adding water?
What is hydrolysis?
Define free radical,antioxidant,trans fats in food and explain their role in health
Free radicals: Unstable molecules that can damage cells and DNA
Antioxidants: Substances that neutralize free radicals and protect cells from damage.
Trans fats: Unhealthy fats that raise LDL cholesterol, lower HDL cholesterol, and increase heart disease risk.
why water is important for stabilizing body temperature?
Water has a high heat capacity, meaning it takes a large amount of heat to raise its temperature.
view soft tissue and see through bones without surgery.
What is MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)?
A patient has an electrolyte imbalance. According to the notes, what types of problems can electrolyte imbalances cause?
What are problems ranging from muscle cramps and brittle bones to coma and cardiac arrest?
A patient’s body experiences a change in an internal variable. A receptor detects the change, an integration center processes the information, and an effector responds. The goal is to return the variable toward its normal range.
What are homeostasis and negative feedback?
The skin is ______ to the muscles.
superficial
A chemical reaction is occurring too slowly. The concentration of reactants is increased and the temperature is changed. Why could these changes affect the reaction rate?
Reaction rate depends on molecular motion and collisions and is affected by concentration, temperature, and catalysts/enzymes.