Histology
Four Categories of Tissues
What is Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, Muscular
This has a single layer of cells
Simple Epithelium
Net flow of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Osmosis
_________ occurs when particles are driven through membrane by physical pressure.
filtration
kidneys filter blood to make urine
water and small solutes filter in/out of capillary walls (gives tissues O2 and nutrients, reabsorbs CO2 and waste from tissue)
Powerhouse
Mitochondria
A group of similar cells and cell products working together to perform a specific role
Tissue
Most widespread epithelium in the body
Stratified Squamous
Tonicity depends on the concentration of ________
Nonpermeating Solutes
Which molecule would diffuse fastest (assume all factors are the same except temp)
a) O2 at 100 degrees Fahrenheit
b) O2 at 90 degrees Fahrenheit
c) Glucose at 100 degrees Fahrenheit
d) Glucose at 90 degrees Fahrenheit
a) O2 at 100 F
- O2 is smaller than Glucose and molecules move faster at hotter temps (100 F > 90 F)
Network of protein filaments and cylinders
Cytoskeleton
A Structure with discrete boundries that is composed of two or more tissue types
Organ
Defining characteristics of Pseudostratified Epithelium
Looks multilayered but all cells touch basement membrane
Nuclei have several layers
Has Celia and goblet cells
Refers to the concentration of the solution ________
In the ECF
The concentration of NaCl is 2.5 % in the ECF and 1.8 % in the ICF. Is this a hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic solution? What direction will water move?
Hypertonic (more solutes in ECF, less water). Water will move into the cell.
Free vs Fixed Ribosomes
Free: produce proteins used inside the cell
Fixed: Produce proteins destined for export
Matrix is composed of:
Fibrous proteins
Clear Gel called ground substance
Multilayered epithelium with surface cells that change from round to flat. Allows for Filling
Urothelium (Transitional) Epithelium
ICF 10% Saline
ECF 30% Saline
Hypertonic
Discuss uniport vs. symport vs. antiport carriers. What type is the sodium-potassium pump?
uniport - carries one type of solute (e.g. calcium pump)
symport - carries two or more solutes simultaneously in same direction (e.g. sodium-glucose transporters)
antiport - carries two ore more solutes in opposite directions (e.g. sodium-potassium pump)
Synthesizes carbohydrates and puts finishing touches on protein synthesis
Golgi Complex
Ways that Tissue Types differ from each other
Cell Type and Function
Characteristics of the matrix
Space occupied by cells
How does the epidermis continuously renew itself?
Deepest layers undergo continuous mitosis
Daughter cells push toward the surface and become flatter as they migrate upward
Finally die and flake off—exfoliation or desquamation
You have a Isotonic solution. You add solutes inside of the cell. What happens to the cell?
Hypotonic Solution - Cell absorbs water and swells
A macrophage encounters a bacterial pathogen in damaged tissue. The cell engulfs the bacterium and digests it using hydrolytic enzymes.
a) Is this phagocytosis or pinocytosis?
b) What organelle will destroy the bacteria via hydrolytic enzymes?
c) Will the cell membrane surface area increase or decrease in size after engulfing the bacteria? Will the cell volume increase or decrease?
a) phagocytosis (cell-eating) which is a type of endocytosis
b) a lysosome will destroy the bacteria
c) cell membrane surface area will decrease because membrane components were used to engulf the bacteria into a vesicle. The volume will increase because the vesicle and its contents have added into the cell
Stored cellular products and Foreign bodies
Inclusions