Ladinos and Explorers
Following the "Battle" of Cajamarca, Juan Garcia was placed in charge of weighing and keeping records of gold and silver extracted from Incan society by this Spanish conquistador captain.
Who is Francisco Pizarro?
These five European nations were the largest participants in the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade between the 16th and 19th centuries (need all five):
1. Portugal
2. England/Great Britain
3. France
4. Spain
5. The Netherlands
The task system of labor, often contrasted with the gang system of forced labor, was often utilized to grow which cash crops with less direct white supervision?
What are rice and indigo?
The largest slave revolt since Spartacus's rebellion against the Romans in the 1st century BCE, and the only successful slave revolt on a national scale in recorded history, the Haitian Revolution took place in this former French colony, causing considerable anxieties for slavers across the Atlantic world.
What is Saint-Domingue?
"Spirituals" had these functions in early 19th century Black American life (will accept one):
What are:
1. Helped people resist dehumanizing conditions of enslavement
2. Helped them express their individuality/creativity with a Christian religious focus
3. Helped them communicate strategic information, such as plans to run away, warnings, or guidance in how to escape?
Juan Garrido, a Black conquistador likely born in the Kingdom of Kongo, served in the retinue of Hernan Cortes on his expedition to this Aztec capital city between 1519 and 1521.
What is Tenochtitlan?
What are barracoons?
The transfer of enslaved individuals from the Atlantic Coastal states of Virginia, the Carolinas, and Georgia to interior, cotton-producing states like Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana in the first half of the 19th century was referred to as this.
What is the "Second Middle Passaage"/Domestic Slave Trade?
The Stono Rebellion in 1739 was motivated in part by this rival colonial power's offer of asylum to escaped slaves.
What is Spain (or Spanish Florida)?
Slave narratives written before and after American Independence from Britain in the 1780s tended to feature these common tropes (need one):
1. Descriptions of early life
2. Description of capture/separation
3. Descriptions of cruelty of overseers and masters
4. Records of barriers overcome to achieve literacy
5. Descriptions of daily material life (and poor conditions)
6. Description of attaining freedom
7. Christian prayer or poem thanking God/exhorting readers to act
1. Conquistadors
2. Enslaved Laborers
3. Free skilled workers/artisans
The intentionally crampt and unsanitary conditions aboard many slave ships were the product of this European practice, which was intended to maximize space (and profits).
What is "tight packing"?
This Virginia law passed in 1662, which determined inheritance based on the status of the mother, had major implications for many mixed race people of color.
What is Partus Sequitur Ventrem?
Breaking tools, stealing food, and attempting to run away were all examples of this kind of opposition to enslavement.
What is daily or passive resistance?
This first female Black political essayist and orator focused on both Black rights and women's rights issues in her treatises published in the 1830s.
Who was Maria W. Stewart?
Estevanico, also known as Esteban, was originally named Mustafa al-Azemmour, and probably hailed from which North African state?
What is Morocco?
These coastal West African states benefitted in the short term from participation in the slave trade by gaining access to European firearms and consumer goods (but in the longer term, were also destabilized) - need one
What are:
Asante
Oyo
Dahomey
Kongo
Labor-intensive crops like cotton, tobacco, and sugarcane were often produced by enslaved people working in the _______ system.
What is the gang system?
This rebellion that took place in Virginia in August 1831 was the deadliest in U.S. history, leading to the deaths of 55 - 65 whites and over one hundred Blacks.
What is Nat Turner's Rebellion?
This young woman, enslaved and sold to a family in Boston, became the first African American to publish a book of poetry in the 1770s.
Who was Phillis Wheatley?
Eventually, Ladinos were largely replaced by this group of people of African descent as laborers in the Americas, which referred to their lack of experience/time spent in the Iberian Peninsula.
Who are Bozales? (The raw or inexperienced ones, literally referred to muzzles put on dogs/horses)
A mutiny aboard this Spanish-flagged slave ship off the coast of Cuba resulted in a famous Supreme Court decision, which ultimately saw the enslaved returned to West Africa.
What is the Amistad?
After the Stono Rebellion, this colony passed an extremely restrictive slave code that banned Black gatherings, drumming, literacy, and freedom of movement in 1740.
This British royal governor of Virginia offered freedom to enslaved Blacks in 1775 - if they agreed to fight against their former Patriot masters and support British rule as Loyalists.
Who was Lord Dunmore?
These instruments, brought from West Africa, played into African American musical culture (need one):
What are:
1. Banjo
2. Drums
3. Gourd rattles