Water Water Everywhere!
Carb Crazy
DNA, RNA, Elements of Life
Proteins & Lipids
Functional Groups
Desert Adaptations
100
This atom in a water molecule carries a partial negative charge, because it attracts the shared electrons more strongly.
What is oxygen?
100
This simple sugar is the monomer used to construct starch and cellulose. This simple sugar is also used by mitochondria to produce cellular energy, or ATP.
What is glucose?
100
These three components make up a nucleotide.
What are a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base?
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100
This type of bond links the monomers of protein together.
Peptide Bond
100
Written as -NH2, this functional group is found in every amino acid.
It tends to accept a H+ , forming NH3
What is the amino group?
100
Many desert mammals avoid daytime temperatures by being active primarily at night. This term describes this behavior.
What is nocturnal?
200
This intermolecular attraction occurs between the partially positive hydrogen of one water molecule and the partially negative oxygen of another.
What is a hydrogen bond?
200
Plants primarily use this glucose polymer for energy storage.
What is starch?
200
This part of DNA carries biological information.
What is the sequence of nitrogenous bases?
200
This fatty acid contains no carbon-carbon double bonds.
What is a saturated fatty acid?
200
Carbohydrates contain many of these functional groups, written as -OH, that make them polar and therefore capable of interacting with water.
What are hydroxyl groups?
200
According to this ecological rule, mammals living in hot climates tend to have longer or larger appendages, such as ears and limbs, which increase surface area and promote heat loss.
What is Allen's rule?
300
A paper clip can sometimes rest on the surface of water without sinking because hydrogen bonding creates this property.
What is surface tension?
300
Plants use this glucose polymer as a structural component of their cell walls.
What is cellulose?
300
RNA contains this sugar.
Ribose [has an OH group]
300
This type of lipid consists of a hydrophillic head and hydrophobic tails, and is the major structural component of cell membranes.
What is a phospholipid?
300
Written -COOH, this functional group acts as an acid by donating H+
What is the carboxyl group?
300
Kangaroo rats can produce extremely concentrated urine because this kidney structure allows more water to be reabsorbed.
What is the Loop of Henle?
400
Unlike most substances, water becomes less dense when it undergoes this phase change because its molecules form an open hydrogen-bonded structure.
What is freezing?
400
Insects use this carbohydrate to build their hard exoskeleton. Fungi also use it in their cell walls.
What is chitin?
400
The two strands of a DNA double helix are held together by this type of bond between complementary bases.
What are hydrogen bonds?
400
This variable portion of an amino acid can be polar, nonpolar, positively charged, or negatively charged.
What is the R group?
400
During this reaction, an H and an OH are removed from two monomers, producing water while a covalent bond forms between the monomers.
What is dehydration synthesis?
400
Desert rodents like the kangaroo rat obtain water from seeds.
High-carbohydrate seed
Because carbohydrates have the -OH functional group, they are polar and attract water.
By storing seeds in their burrows and blocking the entrance, the rodents create a humidity chamber.
The seeds absorb water and provide all moisture necessary for the rodent's diet.
500
During evaporation, molecules with relatively high amounts of this form of energy are most likely to escape from the liquid.
What is kinetic energy?
500
A carbohydrate molecule has many -OH bonds. Predict whether this molecule is likely to interact with water.
The molecule is likely hydrophilic because -OH bonds are polar and can participate in hydrogen bonding with water.
500
A plant deprived of phosphorous would have difficulty constructing these TWO major types of biological molecules because both contain phosphate groups.
What are nucleic acids and phospholipids?
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500
Name two possible causes of protein denaturation:
1. Heat
2. pH
3. Pressure
500
1. One tends to donate H+
2. One is common in carbohydrates
3. One tends to accept H+
Name the three functional groups we have studied in this order!
1. Carboxyl -COOH
2. Hydroxyl -OH
3. Amino - NH2
500
According to this ecological rule, animals in colder climates tend to have larger body sizes, decreasing their surface-area-to-volume ratio and promoting heat retention.
What is Bergmann's rule?
