A chemical process that lyses, or splits, molecules by the addition of water; an essential process in digestion
Hydrolysis
100
Which cell cycle phase does cytokineses begin?
Telophase
100
What lab technique is used to separate pieces of macromolecules (primarily DNA and proteins) by their size?
Gel electrophoresis
100
Fossils are found in what type of rock?
Sedimentary rock
200
What property of water allows insects to walk on water without breaking the surface?
Surface tension
200
What is the building block that consists of a nucleic acid and a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group?
Nucleotide
200
What is the specialized condensed region of each chromosome that appears during mitosis where the chromatids are held together to form an X shape.
Centromere
200
Small circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the bacterial chromosome and can be used as vectors to transfer DNA into another cell are called
Plasmids
200
An evolutionary event in which a significant percentage of a population or species is killed or otherwise prevented from reproducing is called
The bottleneck effect
300
All organic compounds contain what?
Carbon
300
What process occurs when a water molecule is removed to join monomers?
Dehydration Synthesis
300
Which phase checkpoint of a cell is the most important because it allows the cell to starting dividing?
G1 phase checkpoint
300
What process would be useful for increasing the amount of DNA found in a small sample of blood at a crime scene?
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
300
Name the categories of hierarchical classification of taxonomy, starting with the broadest, going to the narrowest
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
400
What is the functional group made up of a phosphorus bonded to four oxygens?
Phosphate
400
What type of fats have no double bonds between carbons and tend to pack solidly at room temperature?
Saturated fats
400
What are the protein enzymes that control the cell cycle?
Kinases
400
What is used to cut DNA samples at palindromes, which result in "sticky ends"?
Restriction enzymes
400
What has taken place when two unrelated organisms developed similarities as they adapted to similar environmental challenges?
Convergent Evolution
500
Which functional group has a oxygen double bonded to a carbon atom that is bonded to a hydroxyl group?
Carboxyl
500
Alpha helix and/or beta pleated sheets are a part of what level of protein structure?
Secondary structure
500
What occurs when the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes do not separate properly during meiosis I, or sister chromatids don't separate properly during meiosis II?
Nondisjunction
500
The study of whole sets of genes and their interactions is called
Genomics
500
What is the study of evolutionary relatedness among various groups of organisms?