Cell Structure & Function
Ideal surface area: volume ration for a cell
Small. Why?
Synthesizes proteins according to mRNA sequences
What are ribosomes?
-Involved in the correct folding and chemical modification of newly synthesized proteins and packaging proteins in vesicles.
What is the structure of cell membranes?
-phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
The movement of water across a cell membrane.
What is osmosis?
What do all living cells share?
Genome & ribosomes
Responsible for cell detoxification & lipid synthesis.
What is the Smooth ER?
Membrane-enclosed sacs found in some eukaryotic cells that contain hydrolytic enzymes.
What are lysosomes?
What is the structure of cell walls in plants?
-composed of the polysaccharide cellulose in plants
-chitin in fungi & exoskeletons
-peptidoglycan in prokaryotes
Movement of ions against a concentration gradient, requiring energy.
What is Active Transport
Describe the FMM
-mosaic of embedded proteins in a fluid phospholipid bilayer
Made of phospholipids and proteins.
Plays a variety of roles ranging from water & macromolecule storage to the release of waste from the cellVacuole structure & function.
Describe selective permeability
-direct consequence of fluid membrane structure
-lets certain things in, but not others
-Yes: small, nonpolar molecules & some small polar molecules (water)
-No: larger nonpolar & polar molecules
Movement of small nonpolar molecules across a cell membrane.
What is simple diffusion?
Animal vs. Plant Cells
-Animal: no chloroplasts, no cell wall, shrivel when hypertonic
-Plant: larger vacuoles, more square in shape due to cell wall
This organelle:
-double membrane
-inner folds, cristae
-site of electron transport & ATP synthesis (respiration)
What is the mitochondria?
This organelle is responsible for making and transporting proteins.
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
The regulation of the movement of water into and out of cells.
What is osmoregulation?
The movement of molecules from high to low concentration across a cell membrane using a protein channel.
What is facilitated diffusion?
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic cells
-Prok: no nucleus, no organelles, all have cell walls
-Euk: nucleus, organelles, no cell walls in vertebrates
-Both: genetic material & ribosomes
This organelle:
-double membrane
-thylakoids, stroma, granum
-site of light-dependent rxns (photosynthesis)
-convert light into sugars (glucose)
-only in plant cells
What is the chloroplast?
Why is compartmentalization important in eukaryotic cells?
-minimizes competing rxns
-increases surface area
-overall increase in efficiency
What are types of embedded proteins and their fucntions?
-Channel & carrier
Phagocytosis and pinocytosis are examples of this.
What is endocytosis?