Natural Selection
What is natural selection?
A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.
if p= 0.7, what is q?
q=0.3
What are the two kinds of speciation?
Allopatric and Sympatric speciation
What is Phylogeny?
The evolutionary history of a species or group of
species.
What kinds of populations do extinctions usually affect?
Small ones!
The type of selection that results in a shift toward one extreme phenotype
Directional Selection
What are the two Hardy-Weinberg equations?
p+q=1
p2+2pq+q2=1
What is Mechanical Isolation?
When Morphological differences prevent successful fertilization
What do branch points represent in phylogenetic trees?
The common ancestor of the two evolutionary lineages diverging from it.
How many mass extinctions have occurred?
5 :) this is kind of a bonus question
The type of selection that is MOST LIKELY to lead to speciation in a population
If a population has a 30% recessive allele frequency, what is the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals?
.49 or 49%
What kind of speciation occurs when gene
flow is interrupted when a population is
divided into geographically isolated
subpopulations?
Allopatric Speciation
Through what mechanism have genes moved between organisms in the different domains?
Horizontal Gene Transfer
The minimal population size at which a species is able to sustain its numbers is known as
The minimum viable population (MVP)
Why can't natural selection create "perfect organisms?"
1. Selection can act only on existing variations.
2. Evolution is limited by historical constraints.
3. Adaptations are often compromises
What are the 5 assumptions required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
No Gene flow, No Natural selection, Random mating, Infinitely large population size, No Mutations
What is the Biological species concept?
A group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring—but do not produce viable, fertile offspring with members of other such groups.
A grouping of organisms that includes an ancestor species and some, but not all of, its descendants.
What is the name given to the process by which small populations become smaller and eventually go extinct?
The Extinction Vortex
Less diversity due to artificial selection
A population has a recessive phenotype with a frequency of 36% how many individuals in this population should be heterozygous?
.48 or 48%.....but if I'm wrong, i'm sorry I did this off the top of my head
Provide any other definition of species
Morphological species concept distinguishes a species by body shape and other structural feature
Ecological species concept defines a species in terms of its ecological niche, the sum of how members of the species interact with the nonliving and living parts of their environment
What is the Hierarchy of classification of living things?
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
What makes small populations likely to become extinct?
Loss of genetic variation, genetic drift, inbreeding, over-harvesting, and habitat loss