Funky Functional Groups
Anything Goes
Who's Ahead of the Game?
All About Carbon
Isomerism
100
-OH groups and what their function is
Hydroxyl group and what is add polarity/ make large carbon hydrogen molecules dissolve-able in water.
100
The attraction between water molecules which produces a high surface tension. Allows water to move through plants against gravity.
What is cohesion
100
Each of the following is a polymer EXCEPT a. protein, b. cellulose, c. glucose, d. starch, e. glycogen
What is GLUCOSE (it's a monosaccharide)
100
Compounds that contain carbon fall under this category of chemistry.
What is organic chemistry
100
Molecules that have the same chemical formula but differ in their arrangement of atoms, and subsequently, in their biological activity.
Isomers
200
- C=O group and the two types that comprise the two major types of sugars
Carbonyl group. Can be aldehyde H-C=O in aldoses, or ketone C-C=O in ketoses.
200
Ionic substances and substances with polar covalent bonds are soluble in water, making water a great _______.
What is solvent
200
Two polysaccharides important in energy storage; one in plants and one in animals.
Glycogen - storage in humans, cellulose - storage in plants
200
A classic experiment done by this scientist in 1953 showed that complex organic molecules could arise spontaneously.
Who is Stanley Miller.
200
Ibuprofen and albuterol are examples of this type of isomer in which the effective and ineffective version of the molecule are mirror images of each other.
What are enantiomers?
300
-NH2 and what biomolecule monomer it is commonly found in
Amino group, amino acids
300
ATP, phospholipid bilayers in cell membranes and DNA all have this functional group in common.
What is the phosphate group. -PO4
300
The difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
What is saturated has all single bonds and usually solid, unsaturated has some double bonds and is liquid at room temperature.
300
Carbon is unparalleled in its ability to form molecules that are large, complex and diverse because of this.
What is Carbon's electron arrangement, having 4 valence electrons in its outer shell.
300
Type of isomer in which the only difference is in the geometric placement (diagonal or same side of double bond) of a functional group in a molecule varies.
What is a geometric or cis-trans isomer?
400
This group is important in three dimensional folding of proteins forming disulfide bridges between cysteine amino acids. Name and structure.
What is the Sulfhydryl group, -SH
400
Substances that lack charged poles such as nonpolar covalent substances do not dissolve in water and are called _________ substances.
What is hydrophobic
400
Biomolecule composed of a phosphate group, a sugar and a nitrogenous base.
What is a nucleotide?
400
Carbon can form these 3 types of polymer shapes.
What is linear, branched and ring shaped?
400
This drug was given to women in the 1960's to stop morning sickness. An unanticipated and tragic result of severe birth defects in children born to women who took the drug occured because they had been given the isomer of this drug.
Thalidomide
500
This group is important in gene regulation and expression. Name and formula.
Methyl group; -CH3
500
These are all five properties of water that make it important for life.
What is cohesion/adhesion/transpiration, high specific heat, good solvent, less dense as a solid and ______
500
Describe the levels of structure in a protein.
What is primary (amino acids), secondary (alpha helices and beta pleated sheets), tertiary (folding - hydrogen bonds, ionic bonding, disulfide bridges, VDW attractions, quarterany (multiple protein globs together)
500
Each Carbon-hydrogen bond in methane, CH4, is this type of single bond.
Nonpolar covalent bond.
500
Glucose and fructose, both with formula C6H12O6, are examples of this type of isomer.
Structural isomer
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