Descent With Modification
These two individuals are credited with the theory of evolution by natural selection. One just took a long time to publish it...
Darwin and Wallace
What is the frequencies of alleles and genes in a population's gene pool will remain constant over the course of generations.
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
What is the name of the diagram that uses systems of branches to describe evolutionary relationships
Phylogenetic trees
A population of rabbits may be brown (the dominant phenotype) or white (the recessive phenotype). Brown rabbits have the genotype BB or Bb. White rabbits have the genotype bb. The frequency of the BB genotype is .35. What is the frequency of heterozygous rabbits?
What is the frequency of the heterozygous rabbits is 0.484
What are structures that originated from a common ancestor but are currently used for a variety of purposes. Example, flying bats and swimming whales.
Homologous structures
What is a sudden change in the environment, such as a fire or flood, that may drastically reduce the size of the population.
Bottleneck effect
The existence of biological factors (barriers) that impede members of two species from producing viable, fertile offspring
Reproductive isolation
What is a part of the phylogenetic tree that includes a group of species that includes an ancestral species and all of it descendants.
Monophyletic
A hypothetical population of 10,000 humans has 6840 individuals with the blood type AA, 2860 individuals with blood type AB and 300 individuals with the blood type BB. What is the frequency of each genotype in this population?
What is AA = 0.684 / AB = 0.286 / BB = 0.03
What is the evolution of individual species with similar features but from different lineages.
convergent evolution
What is it called when an individual with genotype Aa have increased fitness as compared to AA or aa individuals?
Heterozygote advantage
Barriers that prevents members of different species from reproducing by hindering fertilization.
Prezygotic barriers
The two criteria used to create phylogenies.
What are morphological and molecular data?
A population of birds contains 16 animals with red tail feathers and 34 animals with blue tail feathers. Blue tail feathers are the dominant trait. What is the frequency of the red allele?
What is 0.566
What are the 4 tenets of Darwin's theory of evolution (in order).
What is overpopulation, variation, survival of the fittest, descent with modification
What is a mode of selection that favors variants at both ends of the distribution
Disruptive selection
Speciation that occurs in populations that live in the same geographic area.
Sympatric speciation
What process drove the speciation of the Galapagos finches, the anole lizards and evolution of mammals.
adaptive radiation
The ability to taste PTC is due to a single dominate allele "T". You sampled 215 individuals in a biology class, and determined that 150 could detect the bitter taste of PTC and 65 could not. What is the predicted frequency of the recessive allele (t)?
What is 0.55
What is Lamarck's idea that states parts of the body that are used extensively become larger and stronger, while those those that are not used deteriorate.
Theory of Acquired Characteristics or Use and Disuse
What is responsible for 1) new genetic variation in a population and 2) the most genetic variation within a population.
1) mutations 2) sexual (genetic) recombination
Define punctuated equilibrium.
Periods of apparent stasis punctuated by sudden changes observed in the fossil record.
List the levels of biological classification from broadest to narrowest.
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
The trait for 'male-pattern baldness' is a recessive trait encoded for by "b". Non-balding is encoded for by a dominant allele encoded for by the letter "B". A street survey conducted by Hair Club for Men found that out of 1000 men, 640 have a full head of hair. What is the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype?
BB = 0.16