U1: Chem of Life
U2: Cell
U3: Energy
U4: Cell
Communication & Cycle
Communication & Cycle
U5: Heredity
U6: Gene Expression
U7: Evolution
U8: Ecology
Misc
1
the structure of an amino acid
1
Major difference between plant and animal cells
Cell wall, large central vacuole, chloroplast
1
What is FAD+ used for?
electron acceptor
1
Cell communication through direct contact
juxtacrine
1
What is the function of the regulator gene on the lac operon?
directs the synthesis of a protein that will repress gene expression
1
Direction for DNA replication
5' --> 3'
1
What natural selection acts upon
Phenotype
1
% Energy moving up trophic levels
10%
1
What evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory? State at least 2.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain circular DNA and prokaryotic-like ribosomes, double membrane, self replicate (binary fission), size of prokaryotes
2
If Z inhibits Enzyme 2 (E2), which product would first build up in the cell?
X
2
Molecule responsible for the insolubility of the cell membrane in water
Phospholipid
2
Where is ATP generated?
Chloroplast stroma and/or Mitochondrial matrix
2
Cell communication over a short distance
Paracrine
2
A mutation of which base in a triplet codon would be least likely to cause a genetic mutation?
3rd
2
In complete dominance what would be the phenotypic ratio of a Tt x tt cross, if “t” produced short stems in plants?
50% long : 50% short
2
Changes in allele frequency provide evidence for this
evolution
2
Population growth that is not at carrying capacity
Exponential
2
If you added sugar to water, would the water potential decrease or increase
decrease (more negative)
3
Why can we not digest cellulose?
We don't have the enzyme (to digest b-glucose)
3
In cells, what functions to give shape, enable movement, and anchor organelles
Microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate fibers
3
The oxygen consumed during respiration results in the production of?
H2O
3
Cell communication over a long distance using the circulatory system
Endocrine
3
Which strand of DNA is replicated by Okazaki fragments?
lagging
3
Suppose you wanted a family consisting of two girls and a boy, what are the chances?
1/8
3
Humans selecting/affecting variation in other species
Artificial Selection
3
Population that has growth slowed due to a carrying capacity
Logistic
3
List the pathway for protein export in a cell
Ribosomes, rough ER, vesicle, (cis to trans) Golgi, vesicle, cell membrane
4
What is a peptide bond?
Covalent bond between two amino acids
4
How do prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes?
no nucleus, circular DNA, no membrane bound organelles
4
What is the primary role of light in photosynthesis?
Light excites electrons in chlorophyll that are captured by the primary electron acceptor
4
Internal controls that regulate the progression of the cell though the cycle
Checkpoints
4
Mutations are often thought of as “mistakes” but they are also beneficial. Name one benefit.
All genetic diversity
4
What would a cell undergoing prophase I of meiosis contain that a cell undergoing mitosis would not?
Paired homologous chromosomes
4
Changes in allele frequency in small populations due to random chance
Genetic drift
4
Symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit
Mutualism
4
At least two conditions required for H-W equilibrium
Large population, random mating, no mutations, no gene flow, no selection/adapations
5
What is a condensation reaction?
The removal of water during the synthesis/formation of a polymer
5
What is the function of the nucleolus?
Makes ribosomes
5
During respiration, ATP is formed as the direct result of the movement of this
H+ ions/protons down a concentration gradient
5
A stage in which the cell no longer divides but can reenter the cell cycle in response to appropriate cues
G0
5
Why is the one gene = one protein hypothesis incorrect?
Alternative splicing generates different proteins from the same gene.
5
Name two enzymes used during DNA replication
Helicase, RNA primase, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase
5
the earliest genetic material
RNA
(RNA world hypothesis)
5
Species that has an disproportionate effect on the ecosystem
Keystone
5
speciation that is the result of a population being divided geographically
allopatric speciation
6
Why would an enzyme be denatured in acidic conditions?
acid would interrupt the interaction between charged amino acids (tertiary structure)
6
What is a kinetochore?
Structure that links the centromere to spindle apparatus
6
Substance that changes shape of active site of an enzyme but is non-competitive
allosteric inhibitor
6
Mechanism that maintains homeostasis by returning the system back to its target set point
Negative feedback
6
If red hair, blue eyes, and freckles were consistently inherited together, the best explanation would be?
Linked close together on the same chromosome
6
List at least 2 ways bacteria can become genetically diverse?
Conjugation, transformation, transduction, mutation
6
3 pieces of evidence for common ancestry in eukaryotes
Membrane bound organelles
Linear chromosomes
Genes containing introns
6
Species that is not native and outcompetes native species
Invasive
6
Steroid affecting the fluidity of animal cell membranes
Cholesterol