Cell Structure
This organelle is the site of ATP production in eukaryotic cells.
What is the mitochondrion?
This property of water allows insects to walk on its surface.
What is surface tension?
The light‑dependent reactions occur in this part of the chloroplast
What is the thylakoid membrane?
DNA strands run in opposite directions, a property known as this.
What is antiparallel?
Darwin’s mechanism for evolution.
What is natural selection?
These structures can be free‑floating or bound to the ER and are responsible for protein synthesis.
What are ribosomes?
These macromolecules are made of amino acids.
What are proteins?
This enzyme synthesizes ATP during chemiosmosis.
What is ATP synthase?
Mendel’s law stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation.
What is the law of segregation?
One condition for Hardy‑Weinberg equilibrium is no change in allele frequencies due to this.
What is mutation?
This model describes the cell membrane as a dynamic, flexible layer with proteins embedded throughout.
What is the fluid mosaic model?
The region of an enzyme where the substrate binds.
What is the active site?
This stage of respiration occurs in the cytoplasm and breaks glucose into pyruvate.
What is glycolysis?
Process of converting mRNA into a polypeptide.
What is translation?
Speciation caused by geographic separation.
What is allopatric speciation?
Movement of molecules from low to high concentration using energy.
What is active transport?
A solution with a pH of 3 is this many times more acidic than a pH of 5.
What is 100 times?
Oxygen acts as this in the electron transport chain.
What is the final electron acceptor?
A mutation that shifts the reading frame by inserting or deleting nucleotides.
What is a frameshift mutation?
Structures that are similar due to shared ancestry, like a whale flipper and a human arm.
What are homologous structures?
This theory explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts.
What is the endosymbiotic theory?
These weak bonds between hydrogen and electronegative atoms give water many of its unique properties.
What are hydrogen bonds?
This enzyme fixes carbon in the Calvin cycle and is the most abundant protein on Earth.
What is RuBisCO?
A mutation that shifts the reading frame by inserting or deleting nucleotides.
What is a frameshift mutation?
The principle that the simplest explanation is preferred when building phylogenetic trees.
What is parsimony?