Cell Structure & Function
Which type of cell require a large amount of mitochondria?
a) lung cell
b) nerve cell
c) blood cell
d) muscle cell
d) muscle cell (need energy for muscle contraction)
What are two principal components of the plasma membrane?
Phospholipids, Cholesterol, Proteins, Carbohydrates
Passive transport (does/does not) require energy while moving molecules (with/against) their concentration gradient.
Active transport (does/does not) require energy while moving molecules (with/against) their concentration gradient.
Passive: does not; with
Active: does; against
The most efficient cells have (lower/higher) surface area and a (lower/higher) volume.
Higher SA, lower V
Largest organ of the human body
skin
Which organelle modifies and packages for secretion the materials produced by the ribosomes?
Golgi Apparatus
What is the name for the carbohydrates chain that's attached to a membrane protein called?
Glycoprotein
What will happen to the cell when it is placed in a hypertonic solution? In a hypotonic solution?
Hyper: Water exits the cell, cell shrinks
Hypo: Water moves into the cell, cell swells
Each cell below is listed with its' SA:V ratio. Which of the cells would be most efficient?
Cell 1: 1.5
Cell 2: 3
Cell 3: 4.7
Cell 4: 6
Cell 4
What galaxy does earth belong?
The Milky Way
What are two organelles eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have in common?
Ribosomes, Cytoplasm, Cell (Plasma) Membrane
A cell membrane is able to remain fluid and flexible when experiencing fluctuating temperatures; what main component of the cell membrane allows this to be true?
Cholesterol
Osmosis and facilitated diffusion through aquaporin
How does the extensive folding within the inner membranes of the mitochondria allow for an increased ATP production?
increased surface area=increased efficiency
What is the chemical symbol for gold?
Au
A certain type of specialized cell contains an unusually large amount of lysosomes.
What function is this cell most likely to specialized to perform? Provide an example for where you might find this kind of cell in the human body.
The breaking down/detoxification of ingested materials; examples could be liver, pancreas, intestines, etc. (up to Mrs. Zhen's discretion)
Name two functioins of the membrane proteins.
Any two: TRACIE
Transport, Reception, Attachment, Cell-to-cell communication, Intercellular joining, Enzymatic reaction
White blood cells engulf bacteria through what process?
a. exocytosis
b. phagocytosis
c. pinocytosis
d. receptor-mediated endocytosis
b. phagocytosis
Photosynthetic/aerobic bacterium engulfed by early prokaryotic cell, formed mutually beneficial relationship, and evolved into chloroplast/mitochondria.
Endosymbiotic Theory
What is the study of insect called?
Entomology
Why would a decrease in lysosome activity result in a decrease in mitochondrial activity?
Less materials broken down for the cell by the lysosome means less materials available for the mitochondria to use for cellular respiration (ATP production)
A virus comes into contact with your cell; how does your cell recognize this is a foreign invader and not a body cell?
The virus came into contact with a peripheral protein and/or carbohydrate chain on the surface to idenify what type of cell it is.
A large, polar molecule can pass through the membrane from low to high concentration overtime. Which method of transport most likely takes place?
Active transport
Provide one evidence for the endosymbiotic theory.
Mitochondria and Chloroplast both have:
Double membranes, independent DNA, independent ribosomes
What is a baby goat called?
A kid