Heart Valves
What are the two main categories of heart valves?
How many chambers does the heart have?
four.
What is the size of a human heart?
The size of a fist.
What is the normal range of heart rate? In beats per minute.
60-100 beats/min with the average being 75 beats/min.
What is the outermost layer of the heart wall?
Epicardium.
What is the name of the right AV valve?
Tricuspid valve.
Which two chambers are the superior receiving chambers?
What is the name of the pointed region of the heart that is directed toward your left hip and rests of the diaphragm?
The apex.
What is the term for a rapid heart rate?
Tachycardia.
Which layer of the heart is composed mostly of cardia muscle and contracts?
Myocardium.
During which phase of the cardiac cycle are AV valves open and semilunar valves close?
Diastole.
What is the correct order of blood flow? Start from Superior/inferior vena cava and end with the aorta. Be specific.
Superior/inferior vena cava → Right atrium → Tricuspid valve → Right ventricle → Pulmonary valve → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs → Pulmonary Veins → Left Atrium → Mitral valve → Left Ventricle → Aortic valve → Aorta
The Bicuspid and Tricuspid valves open to let blood flow into where?
The Ventricles
What is the term for arterial pressure when ventricles contract?
Systolic pressure.
What tissue is the myocardium composed of?
Cardiac muscle tissue.
Why are AV valves closed during systole?
During systole, ventricles contract to push blood out to the arteries which means that the AV need to close to prevent a backflow of blood into the atria.
Why does the left ventricle have thicker walls than the right ventricle?
The left ventricle pumps blood to the entire body so it requires more force, while the right ventricle only pumps to the lungs.
What nourishes the myocardium?
The left and right coronary arteries.
Yes because normal systolic ranges from 90 to 120 and normal diastolic ranges from 60 to 80
What are the three layers of the heart wall? What are their functions?
Outermost: Epicardium, protects the heart
Middle: Myocardium, contracts to pump blood
Innermost: Endocardium, lines the heart chambers.
If a person's heart sounds show an "extra" sound right after the "lub," which valve might be malfunctioning?
The AV valves might be malfunctioning.
If someone has a blockage in their pulmonary arteries, which chamber's flow is directly affected? What does this cause?
The right ventricle's flow is affected. Blood will not be able to reach the lungs so it can become oxygenated.
Technically, this is bradycardia since it is below 60 beats/min but lower resting heart rate is often normal/healthy due to an increased cardiovascular health.
If a person has an inflamed endocardium, where would the inflammation be located? Would this affect blood flow?
The inflammation would be in the lining of the heart chambers. It could possibly disrupt blood flow or affect valve function.