Documents
In Federalist 70, Hamilton argued that this branch of government needed "energy" and a single leader
Executive branch
This constitutional principle divides government responsibilities into distinct branches to prevent the concentration of authority.
Separation of powers
Name the three branches of government
Legislative, Executive, Judicial
Marbury v. Madison is the case where SCOTUS asserted it has the power of _______________
Judicial review
This term describes when state legislatures redraw congressional districts to favor a political party
Gerrymander
These foundational documents argued against the ratification of the U.S. Constitution
Anti-Federalist Papers
These amendments make up the Bill of Rights
Amendments I-X
What term is used to describe that we have two groups within our federal legislature?
Bicameral
This court case decided that students' freedom of speech is protected at school as long as it does not disrupt instruction.
Tinker v. Des Moines
These types of policies involve spending and taxing
Fiscal policies
This document served as America's first framework for government from 1781 to 1789
The Articles of Confederation
How old does a citizen need to be in order to run for the Senate?
30 years old
How many Senators serve in our U.S. Congress?
This court case determined that free speech also protects corporations.
Citizens United v. FEC
This term is used to describe candidates who are not affiliated with a political party
Independent
Which document is the following quote taken from? "Oppressed people cannot remain oppressed forever. The yearning for freedom eventually manifests itself, and that is what has happened to the American Negro. Something within has reminded him of his birthright of freedom, and something without has reminded him that it can be gained."
Letter from a Birmingham Jail
Name two formal powers given to both chambers of Congress to check the executive branch.
-Override vetos
-Power of the purse/decide federal spending levels
-Impeachment & removal
-Power to declare war
Name one formal power given to the President and one informal power.
Examples of formal: appoint ambassadors & heads of departments, commander-in-chief, veto legislation, pardon, State of the Union
Examples of informal: Executive orders, bully pulpit, negotiating with Congress
According to the majority opinion issued in the McCulloch v. Maryland case, the federal government had the power to establish a national bank because of the ____________ clause.
Necessary & Proper (Elastic)
These types of organizations are able to raise dark money and fund advertisements to favor political candidates
Super PACs
In this foundational document, Hamilton argues for the ratification of the Constitution by explaining how the new government will protect individual liberty and prevent tyranny through principles like checks & balances.
Federalist 51
Name the two plans proposed at the Constitutional Convention that led to the Great Compromise and our original U.S. Constitution
New Jersey Plan & Virginia Plan
This term describes the stable, three-way relationship among a congressional committee, an administrative agency, and an interest group that shapes public policy.
Iron triangle
What "litmus test" was created in Schenk v. U.S.?
The "clear and present danger" test
Individualism, Equality of opportunity, free enterprise, rule of law, & limited government