Unit 1 - Foundations
This Foundational Principle is reflected in the function of the House of Representatives
Popular Sovereignty - Government based on the will of the people
This is the redistricting precedent set in Baker v Carr (1962)
Districts must adhere to 1 person, 1 vote (roughly equal population)
This is the informal power of the president that is regularly used during the state of the union address
Bargaining and Persuasion
This is the power created by the precedent set in Marbury v Madison
Judicial Review
This is the case that set the precedent that non-disruptive symbolic protest IS allowed in educational settings
Tinker v Des Moines
Impeaching/Removing judges and declaring laws unconstitutional are examples of this foundational principle
Checks and Balances
This was the precedent set in Shaw v Reno
Gerrymandering based on race is unconstituitonal
This is the Foundational doc that made the argument for a single executive with "energy"
Federalist no. 70
These are the 3 factors that combine to create a question of legitimacy around the Supreme Court
Lifetime Appointment + Judicial Review + Stare Decisis
This is the clause that was cited in the ruling of Wisconsin v Yoder
Free-Exercise clause of the 1st amendment (Freedom of Religion)
This foundational document argues that factions are inevitable AND best controlled in a large republic
Federalist 10
This is the MAIN difference in debate practices between the House and Senate
House has strict rules on Debate, Senate has no limitations on debate (leads to filibuster)
This is the informal power that allows a president to make limited treaties with other nations
Executive Agreements
This is the MAIN reason for a change in precedent from the Supreme Court
Change in ideological makeup of the court
(i.e. Roe v Dobbs, Brown v Plessy, etc)
This is the case that created the clear & present danger test for Free Speech
Schenck v US
Many states having different policies on abortion reflect this system of American Government
Federalism
When a member of Congress votes against the will of their constituents, they are following this model of voting behavior
Trustee Model
This is the case that set a precedent weakening the President's ability to keep information from the American Public
NYT v US (prior restraint, 1971)
The President
The Senate
This is the case that incorporated the second amendment to the states
McDonald v Chicago
This was the foundational SOCTUS case that expanded Federal government power in relation to the States
Mcculloch v Maryland (1819)
This is the most powerful position in the House and in the Senate
Speaker of the House
Senate Majority Leader
This is the practice of Congress allowing the Departments and agencies to create guidelines for their areas of expertise
Delegated Discretionary Authority
These are the ways Congress and the President can respond to an unfavorable SCOTUS holding
Legislative - Change the Law OR Amend the Constitution
Executive - Refuse to enforce the decision
This is the amendment that has been the most consequential in creating precedents for the protection of individual liberties
14th Amendment
(Due process, equal protections)