Court Cases
What was the issue in Brown v. Board of Education??
Could the government segregate white and black kids in public schools?
What is the 13th Amendment?
Abolished slavery
What is the rule of law??
No official or person is above the law.
What is the Declaration of Independence?
A document declaring the American colonies' independence from Britain, authored primarily by Thomas Jefferson. (break up letter)
Which Supreme Court case established the principle of judicial review, giving the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional?
Marbury v. Madison
What was the ruling, and why did they choose New York Times v. United States??
Ruled in favor of the New York Times because the Nixon administration could not use prior restraint because it violated the First Amendment free press clause.
What does the 19th Amendment mean?
Gave women the right to vote.
What is federalism??
Powers are divided among the government.
What is the Articles of Confederation?
The first constitution of the United States, which established a weak central government.
What did the Supreme Court decide in Engel v. Vitale (1962)?
School-sponsored prayer in public schools violates the Establishment Clause
What principle was created in Schenck v. United States?
Established the "clear and present danger" test, which was then superseded by the "imminent lawless action" test.
What is the 24th Amendment??
Abolished the poll tax.
What is the commerce clause??
The authority over the economy, regulating interstate commerce, and activities through economic effects.
What is the Elastic Clause?
A provision in Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution grants Congress the power to pass all laws necessary and proper for carrying out its duties.
What is Federalist #78?
An essay by Alexander Hamilton explaining the role of the judiciary and the importance of judicial review.
What was the issue, ruling, and principle in Miranda v. Arizona?
Issue: Does the Police have to read your rights before questioning?
Ruling: Police have to read your rights before questioning.
Principle: You have to be read your rights
What is the 16th Amendment??
Federal income tax is authorized.
What is the exclusionary rule?
Prevents the government from using evidence that violates the Constitution.
What is the Letter from Birmingham Jail?
A letter written by Martin Luther King Jr. defending the strategy of nonviolent resistance to racism.
What is the 3/5 Compromise?
An agreement at the Constitutional Convention that counted each enslaved person as three-fifths of a person for purposes of representation and taxation.
What was the issue in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke??
What is the 11th Amendment??
Limits federal court jurisdiction over lawsuits against states.
What is selective incorporation, and which amendment does it work with?
It protects people's fundamental liberties (Bill of Rights) from state governments' laws that could violate rights. This is able to be used because of the 14th Amendment.
What is Federalist #10? What is Federalist #51?
Who wrote both Federalists?
Federalist #10:An essay by James Madison arguing for the ratification of the U.S. Constitution and addressing the dangers of factionalism.
Federalist #51: An essay by James Madison discussing the structure of government and the importance of checks and balances.
James Madison wrote both.
Which is not one of the rights listed in the First Amendment?
-Speedy Trial
-Speech
-Religion
-Petition
Speedy Trial