The Birth of America
When developing our founding documents, the founding fathers (selectively) incorporated the principle of natural rights from this philosopher...
(The selective is a pun on selective incorporation which is a Unit 3 topic and doesn't matter for the question)
Who is John Locke?
These are powers which only belong to either the federal or state governments
What are exclusive powers?
Federalist 10 was a written explanation about these dangers that were best controlled by a large republic...
What are factions?
This clause was a topic of debate in cases like U.S. v. Lopez (1995) or Gonzales v. Raich (2005)
What was the commerce clause?
The collective name of the first 10 amendments was, in itself, a compromise
What is the Bill of Rights?
The Articles of Confederation sucked, and this uprising was a major factor in leading the founders to fix it at the Philadelphia Convention
What was Shays' Rebellion?
These are powers that only belong to the States under the 10th Amendment...
What are reserved powers?
This case established that the federal government was above the states and that a national bank was a necessary and proper use of congressional authority...
What was McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
This Constitutional clause puts the federal government over the state governments
The 3/5ths Compromise allowed Southern states to partially count enslaved persons for these two purposes...
What are taxation and representation?
Without this foundational document, the anti-federalists would not agree to ratify the Constitution...
What is the Bill of Rights?
In Marbury v. Madison, our only judicial theme case, this implied Constitutional principle was enshrined and given to the Judicial Branch to determine the constitutionality of laws
What is judicial review?
Montesquieu's beliefs about separation of powers were upheld in this Federalist Paper
What is Federalist 51?
The 14th Amendment applied the Bill of Rights through selective incorporation, and introduced this clause
What is the Due Process Clause?
This executive compromise was formed because the founders were torn over whether to trust the voice of the people or the wisdom of the legislature when it comes to choosing our leader...
What is the Electoral College?
These are two weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
(multiple possible answers)
What are:
1. No power to tax
2. No power to regulate trade
3. No national judiciary
4. No executive
5. No power to draft an army
etc.
This is a system of power sharing between the national and state governments, and was argued in favor of by Madison in Federalist 39
What is federalism?
This anti-federalist essay written by a Discord moderator before his time talked about the dangers of putting too many eggs in the basket called a large republic...
What was Brutus 1?
"All laws which are considered 'necessary and proper' for executing its explicitly listed powers." - Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution
What clause am I referring to?
The necessary and proper clause, or the elastic clause
The Great (Connecticut) Compromise included these two key elements
1. Bicameral legislature (House of Representatives, population; Senate, equal)
2. Both houses must pass all legislation
This term refers to people having the right to shape their government's policies as seen in the Preamble of the Constitution (We the People)
What is popular sovereignty?
The federal government can give out money to the states with these two types of funding. Bonus if you remember the third type of grant.
What are categorical, block, and Ms. Grants?
This case was about the abuse of the commerce clause by Congress, and it was ruled that possession of a gun in a school zone could not federally be a crime
What was U.S. v. Lopez (1995)?
To pass an amendment, you need these two fractions to propose and ratify an amendment:
Bonus for Double Jeopardy: Also explain the other type of amendment process which has never been used
What are 2/3rds of both Houses of Congress and 3/4ths of the States to agree for ratification?
Bonus: State Convention where 2/3rds of States agree and then are approved by 3/4ths of the States
Federalism necessitates different points and levels for people to make their policy positions known and to participate in American government
What are access points?