Unit I: Thinking Geographically
Type of map scale covers a small area with a high level of detail, such as a map of a single neighborhood?
What is a large-scale map?
This demographic term measures the average number of children a woman will give birth to during her childbearing years.
What is Total Fertility Rate (TFR)?
Type of religion which actively seeks converts and attempts to appeal to all people globally, regardless of location or culture.
What is a universalizing religion?
This term refers to a state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has transformed into a nationality.
What is a nation-state?
A type of map uses distinct colors, shading, or patterns to represent spatial variations of a specific variable across predefined geographic areas, such as countries or states?
What is a choropleth map?
Spatial concept refers to the physical character of a place, such as its topography, climate, soil, or elevation.
What is site?
Factors that attract migrants to a new location, such as job opportunities, political freedom, or better climate.
What are pull factors?
This term describes the loss of unique cultural characteristics and the creation of uniform landscapes, often caused by globalization.
What is placelessness?
This type of political boundary is established before an area is significantly populated or before the cultural landscape develops.
What is an antecedent boundary?
This spatial concept describes the expansion of cultural traits, technologies, or diseases through direct physical movement of people from one location to another.
What is relocation diffusion?
Geographic concept describes the decreasing interaction between two places as the distance between them increases.
What is distance decay?
During this stage of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM) a country experiences rapid population growth due to declining death rates and high birth rates.
What is Stage 2?
A cultural process which occurs when a minority group adopts enough of the dominant culture to function in society while still retaining distinctive elements of their original culture.
What is acculturation?
The transfer of political power or authority from a central national government to regional or local subnational levels.
What is devolution?
This statistical measure represents the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births in a given year, serving as a critical indicator of a country's overall healthcare quality.
What is the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)?
A region defined by people's shared feelings, attitudes, or informal perceptions of an area (like "The American South").
What is a vernacular (perceptual) region?
According to Ernst Ravenstein's Laws of Migration, most long-distance migrants tend to settle in this type of destination.
What are large urban areas (major cities)?
A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade or business by people who have different native languages.
What is a lingua franca?
A political concept refering to a country's attempt to annex territory in another country because of common ethnicity, culture, or historical ties.
What is irredentism?
This spatial concept describes the process by which a feature, trend, or innovation spreads outward from a central hearth to surrounding areas through a continuous, wave-like expansion (such as a viral trend or contagious disease).
What is contagious diffusion?
Environmental philosophy which asserts that while the physical environment may limit some human actions, people have the ability to adjust and adapt to their environment.
What is environmental possibilism?
Theoretical perspective which argues that population growth will eventually outpace food production, leading to widespread famine and crisis.
What is Malthusian Theory (Malthusianism)?
This term describes the modification of a landscape by a human cultural group, creating a visible expression of their values, architecture, and land use.
What is the cultural landscape (or built environment)?
A geopolitical term refers to a region situated between two stronger external political powers, causing high instability and frequent conflict.
What is a shatterbelt?
This specific geopolitical term refers to a sovereign state that is completely surrounded by the territory of a single other state, such as Vatican City or Lesotho.
What is an enclave (or perforated state pattern)?
Quantitative geographic model predicts the degree of interaction between two places based on their population sizes and the distance between them.
What is the Gravity Model?
This refined demographic measure calculates the total population of an area divided specifically by the amount of arable (farmable) land.
What is physiological density?
This type of stimulus diffusion occurs when an underlying idea or innovation spreads to another culture, but the specific trait is modified or adapted to fit local conditions.
What is stimulus diffusion?
The marine boundary principle established by UNCLOS grants a coastal state sovereign rights over the exploration and management of natural resources within 200 nautical miles off its coast.
What is the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)?
This spatial phenomenon occurs when the physical distance between two places feels shorter due to improvements in transportation and communication technology
What is space-time compression (or time-space convergence)?