Kinetic Theory
DOUBLE POINTS
What is the boiling point of water in SI Units?
373.15 K
What are the two ways we commonly write the Ideal Gas Law?
PV=nRT or PV=Nk_BT
500 J of heat enters a gas, and the gas does 200 J of work on its surroundings. What is the change in the gas's internal energy?
+300 J
OPPORTUNITY TO STEAL POINTS
Two equations determine the energy required to change the temperature of a substance, one without a phase change and one with a phase change. What are these equations?
Q=mcDeltaT and Q=mL
A gas expands freely into an evacuated chamber in an insulated container. What happens to the entropy of the gas?
Entropy increases
The average translational kinetic energy of gas particles depends only on this macroscopic quantity
Temperature
A sealed, rigid container of gas is heated from 300 K to 450 K. The gas's pressure changes by this factor.
It changes by (increases by) 1.5 or 3/2
What type of thermodynamic process has no transfer of heat?
adiabatic
NEGATIVE POINTS IF WRONG
Equal masses of Copper and Aluminum absorb the same amount of heat. Copper has a smaller specific heat capacity. Which material experiences the greater temperature change?
Copper
What has a greater entropy, an ice cube at 0°C or liquid water at 0°C?
liquid water
The temperature of an ideal gas increases by a factor of 4. By what factor does the rms speed of its molecules change?
2 (it doubles)
An ideal gas expands at constant temperature from 2.0 L to 6.0 L. Its initial pressure is 300 Torr. What is its final pressure?
100 Torr
OPPORTUNITY TO STEAL POINTS
In order to get the most work out of a gas, an __________ process should happen first, then an ___________ process.
Isochoric (Isovolumetric), then Isobaric
What are the three primary methods of heat transfer?
Conduction, Convection, Radiation
DOUBLE POINTS
A hot cup of coffee cools down in a room. Describe the change in entropy of the coffee and of the room (also, is this change the same amount or is one greater?).
The entropy of the coffee decreases, but the entropy of the room increases by a larger amount.
What is the name of the function which graphs the speeds of atoms at a given temperature?
Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
A gas at 300 K occupies 4.0 L at 100 kPa. It is compressed to 2.0 L while its temperature increases to 450 K. What is its new pressure?
300 kPa
A gas expands at a constant pressure of 2x10^5 Pa from 0.01m^3 to 0.015 m^3 . What is the work done on the gas?
-1000 J
Two identical metal rods connect the same hot and cold reservoirs. Rod A is twice as long, has twice the diameter, and twice the thermal conductivity as Rod B. How does the rate of conduction through A compare with B? Show the quantitative relationship.
P_A=4*P_B
What is the name of the engineer that theorized an ideal heat engine that sets the maximum possible efficiency limit for converting heat into mechanical work?
Carnot
Gas A and Gas B are at the same temperature, but the molecules of Gas A have twice the mass. Compare their rms molecular speeds.
v_(rms,A)=v_(rms,B)/sqrt(2) or v_A=0.707v_B
What are the names of the three Gas Laws?
Boyle's Law, Charles's Law, Gay-Lussac's Law
What is the value and units (in SI units) of the universal gas constant?
8.314 J/(mol*K)
Equal masses of aluminum and water initially at the same temperature each absorb 10,000 J. Given c_(Al)=900 J/(kg°C) and c_(w)=4186 J/(kg°C) , determine the ratio DeltaT_(Al)//DeltaT_w .
4.65
What (simplified) equation relates the number of microstates available to a system and its entropy?
S=k_Bln(Omega)