Attributions and Attitudes
The tendency to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the impact of personal disposition when analyzing others' behavior.
What is the Fundamental Attribution Error?
Improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others
What is Social Facilitation?
Type of stimulus that lays just below one's threshold for sensation.
What is Subliminal?
A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people.
What is a Stereotype?
The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them.
What is the Mere Exposure Effect?
This theory explains that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent.
What is Cognitive Dissonance Theory?
The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity.
What is Deindividuation?
When subjects in an experiment are placed in an experimental group randomly.
What is random assignment?
The "us" — people with whom we share a common identity
What is the Ingroup?
The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.
What is the Bystander Effect?
A compliance tactic that involves getting a person to agree to a large request by first setting them up by having them agree to a modest request.
What is the Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon?
The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.
What is Social Loafing?
Carl Jung's concept of a
shared, inherited reservoir of
memory tracing from our
species' history
What is Collective Unconscious?
The principle that frustration—the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal—creates anger, which can generate aggression.
What is the Frustration-Aggression Principle?
An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
What is the Reciprocity Norm?
Attributing our own failures to situational factors but our successes to dispositional factors.
What is Self-Serving Bias?
The enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group.
What is Group Polarization?
In Big Five Theory,
emotional stability is
measured in this dimension
What is Neuroticism?
The tendency to believe that the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get.
What is the Just-World Phenomenon?
The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined (often follows passionate love).
What is Companionate Love?
Type of persuasion that occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts.
What is Central Route Persuasion?
Mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.
What is Groupthink?
Type of chemicals that blocks the action of a particular neurotransmitter.
What is an Antagonist?
The tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than faces of other races.
What is the Other-Race Effect?
Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation.
What are Superordinate Goals?