Classical Conditioning Basics
This perspective says that psychology should be studied through the observable behavior, not through thoughts or feelings
This stimulus naturally and automatically triggers a response
What is an Unconditioned Stimulus
This is the ability to tell the difference between the CS and the other irrelevant stimuli.
What is stimulus discrimination
This type of learning focuses on the consequences of behavior
What is Operant Conditioning
This reinforcer is naturally satisfying because is meets biological need
What is a primary reinforcer
This type of learning happens when an organism associates 2 stimuli, producing involuntary responses
This Stimulus starts neutral but becomes learned after pairing with the UCS
What is a Conditioned Stimulus
This happens when a neutral stimulus becomes a weaker CS by pairing with an existing CS
What is higher order conditioning
This principle states that behaviors followed by reinforcement are repeated, and behaviors followed by punishment decrease
What is the Law of Effect
This reinforcer is learned because it is associated with a primary reinforcer
What is a secondary reinforcer
This is the stage when a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
What is acquisition
This happens when the CS is no longer paired with the UCS and the CR decreases
What is extinction
This technique pairs a negative response with a positive stimulus to change behavior
What is counter-conditioning
This increases behavior by adding a pleasant stimulus
What is positive reinforcement.
This process reinforces successive approximations of a desired behavior
What is shaping
This is a natural, unlearned response to an unconditional stimulus.
What is unconditioned response
This is when an extinguished response reappears after a pause
What is spontaneous recovery
This type of learning occurs after a single experience often with illness.
What is One-Trial Learning
This decreases behavior by adding an unpleasant stimulus
What is positive punishment
This occurs when unrelated behaviors are accidentally formed
What is Superstitious Behavior
This is the learned response to a previously neutral stimulus
What is Conditioned Response.
This occurs when an organism responds to the stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus.
This concept explains why some associations form more easily because they aid survival
What is Biological Preparedness.
What is negative reinforcement
This occurs when individuals feel as if they have no control over aversive situations
What is learned helplessness