Modules 1 & 2
What are the three key elements of the Scientific Attitude?
Curiosity, Skepticism, and Humility
Who among the following would most likely study the interaction of people, machines, and physical environments?
a. Human factors psychologists
b. Personality psychologists
c. Industrial-organizational psychologists
d. Counseling psychologists
e. Educational psychologists
Human factors psychologists
According to Module 4, what are the three roadblocks to critical thinking?
Hindsight bias, overconfidence, and perceiving order in random events
What is the name for a graphed cluster of dots that illustrates correlations between variables.
Scatterplot
In an experiment, what is the name for the factor that is manipulated?
Independent variable
Who coined the term tabula rasa (blank slate) to help explain the impact experience has on shaping an individual?
John Locke
Which type of psychologist most strongly emphasizes that human behavior is powerfully influenced by the interaction between people and their physical, social, political, and economic environments?
Community Psychologists
After the student council election, a friend tells you he could have guessed who would be elected president. What psychological phenomenon might this illustrate?
Hindsight bias
What is it called when one perceives a correlation between variables when non exists, when one perceives a stronger-than-actual relationship between variables?
Illusory correlation
What are the three most common measures of central tendency?
Mean, Median, and Mode
Which psychological perspective is most likely to address how the encoding, storing, and retrieval of information might alter our thoughts?
Cognitive Psychology
Which type of psychologist would be most likely to investigate biological, psychological, cognitive, and social changes over a lifetime?
Developmental Psychologist
Case studies, surveys, naturalistic observation
Does the following study demonstrate a positive or a negative correlation?:
Researchers have discovered that individuals with lower income levels report having fewer hours of total sleep.
Positive correlation
Which ethical principle of psychology requires that at the end of a study participants be told about the true purpose of the research?
Debriefing
Which philosopher proposed that nerve pathways allowed for reflexes?
Rene Descartes
What type of research aims to solve practical problems as opposed to increasing the scientific knowledge base?
Applied research
What is the name for a flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample with some members of a population being systematically more likely to be selected in a sample group than others?
Sampling bias
In a drug study, neither the participants nor the person distributing the pills knows who is receiving the new drug and who is receiving the placebo. This type of research design is said to be what type of study?
A double-blind study
Which measure of central tendency is most influenced by outliers (data that is extremely different from other data in the set)?
Mean
Which psychological perspective would be most likely to examine the unconscious motives of a person who is overly aggressive on the basketball court?
Psychodynamic psychology
What is a name for a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders that is practiced by physicians who are licensed to provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy?
Psychiatry
What is the name of the self-correcting, circular process that relies on theories, hypotheses, research, and observations.
The scientific method
Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest relationship between two variables?
a. +0.30
b. +0.75
c. +1.3
d. -0.85
e. -0.05
d. -0.85
Which of the following groups of scores would have the smallest standard deviation?
a. 20, 40, 60, 80, 100
b. 5, 15, 25, 35, 45
c. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
d. 100, 200, 300, 400, 500
e. 15, 30, 45, 60, 75
c. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10