Encoding
a memory aid for something, often taking the form of a rhyme or an acronym
What is a mnemonic?
The concept of remembering the first items in a data set or list.
(A) Zone of proximal development
(B) Insight learning
(C) The misinformation effect
(D) The primacy effect
(D) The primacy effect
the act of retrieving information or events from the past while lacking a specific cue
What is recall?
a form of memory loss that causes an inability to remember events from the past
What is retrograde amnesia?
The inability to remember form new short term memories is
What is antrograde amnesia?
The process of getting information into memory is called
What is encoding?
For example, recalling the exact circumstances when you learned about a significant world event, such as Hurricane Sandy or The Tricycle guy day.
What is flashbulb memory?
describes our tendency to remember information that is at the beginning or end of a series, but find it harder to recall information in the middle of the series.
What is the serial position effect?
The ability for our memories to be questioned, faulty, or fabricated due to subtle misleading information is known as
What is the misinformation effect?
Processing information deeply by making meaningful connections improves retention.
What is deep processing?
Effortful processing can occur only with
A. encoding
B. conscious effort
C. recall
D. implicit memories
What is conscious effort?
memory that takes conscious effort to place in our short term and long term memory.
What is explicit memory?
David tells his roommate Wilbert to buy nine items at the grocery store: milk, bananas, cereal, pickles, cheese, oranges, sausage, chips, and shampoo. Which of the following items is Wilbert most likely to forget when he goes to the store?
(A) Shampoo
(B) Chips
(C) Milk
(D) Cheese
What is D) Cheese.
Which of the following hypotheses would a psychologist interested in the forgetting curve most likely investigate?
(A) Students will remember more information if they engage in elaborative rehearsal than if they engage in maintenance rehearsal.
(B) Students will remember information they learned at the start and end of the semester better than information they learned in the middle of the semester.
(C) Students will remember lecture information 15 minutes after the lecture ends better than students will remember that information 60 minutes after the lecture ends.
(D) Students will remember more information if they are in the same environmental space than if they are in the same mood.
(C) Students will remember lecture information 15 minutes after the lecture ends better than students will remember that information 60 minutes after the lecture ends.
New memories disrupt the learning of old information is this type of interference.
What is retroactive interference?
This type of encoding, a type of deep processing, involves using meaning or context to store information.
What is semantic encoding?
also known as unconscious or automatic memory, which refers to the information that we do not store purposely and is unintentionally memorized
What is implicit memory?
stimuli that help people retrieve memories; can be present in the external environment, such as sounds, smells, and sights
What are retrieval cues?
Arnold so easily remembers his old girlfriend's telephone number that he finds it difficult to recall his new girlfriend's number. Arnold's difficulty best illustrates this type of interference
What is proactive interference?
Joe’s best friend Liz says, “I heard the best joke from my sister” and then proceeds to tell Joe the joke that he had told her last week. Liz is most likely experiencing
What is source amnesia?
The integration of new incoming information with knowledge retrieved from long-term memory involves the activity of
What is working memory?
Hillary glances at a graph and then turns her head away less than a second later. When she tries to immediately remember what she saw, which of the following types of memory does Hillary use?
Students in Dr. Milne’s Introduction to Psychology class met three times a week in a large, windowless lecture hall. Students had the option of taking their final comprehensive exam in the same lecture hall, or in smaller classroom on the other side of campus. The results from the final exam are depicted in the table. Which of the following memory processes could help explain the differences between these two groups?
What is context-dependent memory?
During English class, Caleb is worried about an unfinished history project he needs to turn in later in the day. While the English teacher and other students discuss a short story the class just read, Caleb’s attention is focused on how to finish the history project. The next day he is unable to recall the short story details presented in English class. The recall problem is most likely due to
What is encoding failure.
To help himself remember the name of his new colleague, Hope, Jose thinks about the meaning of her name—the feeling of hopefulness. Which of the following concepts best corresponds to Jose’s strategy?
What is Semantic Encoding