Probability
What two numbers is the probability always between?
0 and 1
What is the equation of a line?(y=.....)
y=ax+b
Reject Ho
Why do we randomly sample
So we can make a valid generalization of the population from that sample
How many topics/units are in AP Stats?
9 units
What does equally likely mean?
Equally likely means that all events in the sample space have an equal chance of occuring.
If there is a hat over y, how does the interpretation of the y variable differ?
We add the word predicted before we give the y variable
How do we know when to have a two sided p-value or a one sided p-value?
If out Ha is not equal to 0, then we should use a two sided p-value. If out Ha is equal to 0, then we should use a one sided p-value.
Give two ways that a sample could be biased
Non-Response, Voluntary Response, Undercoverage, Response
What is the 5 number summary?
Min, Q1, Med, Q3, Max
If we are asked for the probability of AT LEAST one loss, what do we need to do?
We have to remember that when asked for AT LEAST one loss, we do 1 - P(none).
What is the correct interpretation of the relationship between x and y?
The relationship between (x) and (y) is (strength,direction,and linearity)
What is type II error?
A type II error is when you fail to reject Ho, but you should have rejected as Ha is true.
If a sample is through a group of volunteers, are we able to generalize it to the population?
No, we are not able to because the group of volunteers is not represenattive of the whole population.
What is the difference between an observational study and an experiment.
An observational study observes natural occurances to determine causation, and an experiment gives treatments to determine causation.
What abreviated conditions need to be checked for Binomial distributions? What about Geometric distributions?
Binomial=BINS
Geometric=BITS
How is r2 interpreted?
About (r2) of the variation in (y) is explained by the linear relationship with (x)
If we want to conduct a test for association, what type of test should we run?
Chi-Squared test for independence
What is random assignment
Random Assignment allows us to say a treatmet causes changes in the response variable.
Whatś the difference between mutually exclusive and independence?
Mutually exclusive events can not occur simultaneously while independent events do not influence the probability of the other.
How do you interpret a binomial mean?
If many,many,many trials are done, the average number of successes typically vary by about [mean(x)]
What conditions do we need to check when running a linear regression t test for slope?
We check: Linear, Random, 10%, Approx. Norm., and Equal SD
How do we increase power?
To increase power: Decrease the probability of a Type II error which can be done by increasing sample size or raising significance level.
In a matched pairs design, are the subjects treated with 2 types of treatments?
Yes
What is the difference between a GOF, Homogeneity, and Independence test
GOF tests if one sample fits a known distribution, Homegeneity tests if different populations share the same distribution for one variable, and Independence tests if two variables are associated.