Biotechnology
Separates DNA by size, used to compare DNA samples.
a) Gel Electrophoresis
b) Restriction Enzymes
c) Polymerase Chain Reaction
d) Karyotyping
a) Gel Electrophoresis
Which enzyme is responsible for "unzipping" the DNA double helix?
a) Topoisomerase
b) DNA Polymerase
c) Ligase
d) Helicase
d) Helicase
True or False: RNA Polymerase does NOT need a primer to attach to the DNA template strand in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription.
True
The part of the tRNA that binds to the mRNA coding strand is called the ____.
a) Codon region
b) Peptide region
c) Anticodon region
d) Initiation region
c) Anticodon region
During eukaryotic development, what is the physical process that gives an organism its shape?
a) Morphogenesis
b) Differentiation
c) Induction
d) Acetylation
a) Morphogenesis
Griffith's experiment, where a non-virulent strain of bacteria became virulent, is an example of which term?
a) Transduction
b) Transformation
c) Conjugation
d) Transposition
b) Transformation
A DNA sample is analyzed. The DNA consists of 17.5% adenine. What percent of guanine would you expect?
a) 17.5%
b) 82.5%
c) 65%
d) 32.5%
d) 32.5%
Which of the following is NOT a eukaryotic post-transcriptional modification?
a) Telomere addition
b) Poly-A tail
c) Alternative Splicing
d) 5' Cap
a) Telomere addition
During transcription initiation, the first tRNA carrying methionine binds to the ___ site of the ribosome.
a) A
b) P
c) E
d) S
b) P
Which type of eukaryotic chromatin modification DECREASES the expression of a certain gene?
a) Acetylation
b) Methylation
c) Repression
d) Gene Silencing
b) Methylation
DNA can be altered through insertion or deletion of specific segments, which can be identified and altered using ___.
a) Restriction Enzymes
b) Transpositional Elements
c) Polymerase Chain Reaction
d) Transformation Enzymes
a) Restriction Enzymes
During replication, DNA polymerase travels in the ____ direction down the DNA strand.
a) 5' -> 3'
b) 3' -> 5'
c) leading strand
d) lagging strand
b) 3' -> 5'
In eukaryotes, transcription begins when RNA polymerase binds to the _____.
Promoter region / TATA box
Each tRNA carries the amino acid that matches the ___.
a) tRNA codon
b) tRNA anticodon
c) mRNA codon
d) mRNA anticodon
c) mRNA codon
Which of the following is NOT associated with eukaryotic protein synthesis?
a) DNA polymerase
b) tRNA
c) RNA polymerase
d) Transcription Factors
a) DNA polymerase
If a scientist collects a sample of DNA from a crime scene and intends to amplify it through PCR before analyzing it for suspect identification, which of the following would be the most likely chain of events?
a) Denaturation > Annealing > Extension > Gel Electrophoresis
b) Denaturation > Extension > Annealing > Gel Electrophoresis
c) Extension > Annealing > Denaturation > Gel Electrophoresis
d) Extension > Denaturation > Annealing > Gel Electrophoresis
a) Denaturation > Annealing > Extension > Gel Electrophoresis
Which of the following would most likely have the greatest effect on a protein?
a) Point mutation
b) Missense mutation
c) Insertion mutation
d) Substitution mutation
c) Insertion mutation
Which of the following is NOT true regarding prokaryotic transcription?
a) RNA is not modified before translation
b) Transcription takes place in the cytoplasm
c) A promoter region is used to begin transcription
d) Transcription factors are used to help RNA polymerase bind
d) Transcription factors are used to help RNA polymerase bind
The ribosome's job during translation is to catalyze a ___ bond between the new amino acid on the tRNA and the growing chain of amino acids.
peptide
During replication, which enzyme is responsible for removing incorrect segments of DNA for repair?
Nuclease / Exonuclease
When bacteria non-reproductively exchange genetic material through transformation, conjugation, or transduction, this is called ___.
Horizontal Gene Transfer
Which mutation results in a premature stop codon?
Nonsense Mutation
In eukaryotes, alternative splicing is an mRNA modification that produces different versions of proteins by removing ____ and re-joining the remaining segments, called ____.
introns / exons
chaperone proteins / chaperonins
Viral transmission of genetic material is called __.
Transduction