1200-1450
This trade route connected China to the Mediterranean
What is the Silk Roads?
This country led early exploration around Africa
What is Portugal?
First country to industrialize
What is Great Britain?
Event that started WWI
What is the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
“Many of the Islamic libraries included not (just) halls for reading and book storing, but they also contained rooms for meetings and other rooms for discussions and debating that were (a) help sometimes between different libraries and different scholars which implies the competition among libraries for scientific achievements, reputation and glory of the library itself. The Muslim libraries have played a major role in translating and transmitting works of Greek, Persian, Indian and Assyrian physicians and philosophers, works that later became the basic textbooks in European schools of Bologna, Naples and Paris. It is likely that without the Muslim libraries, modern Europe’s scientific and intellectual progress would have been remarkably inhibited.” Source: Adel Abdul-Aziz Algeriani, Mawloud Mohadi, “The House of Wisdom (Bayt al-Hikmah) and Its Civilizational Impact on Islamic libraries: A Historical Perspective”, Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, (Vol 8 No 5, Sept. 2017)
Which of the following best reflects causes for the expansion of Islam throughout Afro-Eurasia before 1450?
(A) The spread of Islam, since its beginnings, resulted from merchant and missionary activities.
(B) The spread of Islam was the result of conversions caused by disillusionment with Christian Crusaders.
(C) The spread of Islam was aided by the frequent collapse of other non-Muslim political states across the region.
(D) The spread of Islam benefitted from large scale conversions of Europeans between 1200 and 1450.
8
Religion that spread across North Africa and Southwest Asia
What is Islam?
Crop from the Americas that increased Afro-Eurasian population
What is maize or potatoes?
This continent was divided at the Berlin Conference
What is Africa?
Organization promoting global trade
What is the WTO? (world trade organization)
“...We propose to follow the example set by the crop loan system of Shaanxi province. Farmers desirous of borrowing money before the harvest should be granted loans, to be repaid at the same time as they pay their tax.... We propose to survey the situation in regard to surpluses and shortages in each circuit as a whole, to sell when grain is dear and buy when it is cheap, in order to increase the accumulation in government storage and to stabilize prices of commodities. This will make it possible for the farmers to go ahead with their work at the proper season, while the monopolists will no longer be able to take advantage of their temporary stringency. All this is proposed in the interests of the people, and the government derives no advantage therefrom.” Source: Sources of Chinese Tradition, compiled by Wm. Theodore de Bary and Irene Bloom, 2nd ed., vol. 1 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999), 617-618.
1
This African empire controlled trans-Saharan gold trade
What is Mali?
Theory that colonies exist to benefit the mother country
What is mercantilism?
New class of factory workers
What is the working class?
U.S. policy to stop spread of communism
Truman Doctrine
xcerpt from REFORM EDICT OF THE QING IMPERIAL GOVERNMENT - 1901 “The root of China’s weakness lies in harmful habits too firmly entrenched in the rules and regulations too minutely drawn in the over abundance of inept and mediocre officials and in the paucity [scarcity] of truly outstanding ones, in petty bureaucrats who hide behind the written word and in clerks and yamen [public official] runners who use the written word as a talisman [object with magic powers] to acquire personal fortunes in the mountains of correspondence between government offices that have no relationship to reality and in the seniority system and associated practices that block the way of men of real talent. China has neglected such deeper dimensions of the West and contents itself with learning a word here and a phrase there a skill here and a craft there, meanwhile hanging onto old corrupt practices of currying [gain something through excessive behaviors] favor to benefit oneself. If China disregards the essentials of Western learning and merely confines its studies to surface elements that themselves are not even mastered, how can it possible achieve wealth and power?” Source: Wm. Theodore de Bary and Richard Lufrano, Sources of Chinese Tradition: From 1600 Through the Twentieth Century, 2nd ed., vol. 2 (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000), 285-287.
A historian researching external factors that would provide historical context for the edict above would most likely study?
(A) The desire of the Qing government to reform itself as a way to reduce foreign economic influences.
(B) The effects of Confucian thought as a cause of China’s slow movement to accept Western ideas.
(C) The lasting legacies of the Mongol incursions on China’s cultural and political history.
(D) The long term results of the Ming dynasty’s policies that brought an end to Zheng He’s trade ships
45
China’s dominant political system based on exams
What is the civil service exam system?
System forcing indigenous labor in Spanish colonies
What is the encomienda system?
Reason for migration
What is economic opportunity or labor demand?
Military alliance of the U.S. and allies
What is NATO?
“Plantation owners first brought workers to Hawaii from China, but the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 inspired planters to seek out new sources of labor. They turned to Japan, where farmers and peasants from southern Japan, having suffered a series of crop failures at home, eagerly filled the Hawai’i jobs with the promise of lucrative, short-term contracts. Between 1885 and 1894, an estimated twenty-nine thousand Japanese immigrants arrived to serve as contract workers on Hawaiian sugar plantations. By the turn of the century, they had become the largest ethnic group on the islands. Upon arrival, any dreams of prosperity were immediately dispelled. Workers encountered unforeseen hardships, inhumane conditions, and deplorable wages. Women workers channeled their anger into song. They worked twelve-hour days for less than six cents an hour. Overcrowded barracks and poor diets led to surges in illness. Those who attempted to run away would be beaten and jailed for breaking their contracts.” “Hawai‘i, Hawai‘i I saw as in a dream Now my tears are flowing In the canefields.” Source: Hole Hole Bushi: Song of the Cane Fields. Produced by Chris Conybeare with the assistance of Franklin Odo. 30 min. KHET-TV, 1984. Part of “Rice and Roses” series on immigrant life on the plantations
Which of the following BEST explains how foreign workers often responded to relocating to new and sometimes hostile locations within the global economy?
(A) The workers often joined together to form local policing forces and militias to protect themselves from their employers.
(B) Migrants often created ethnic enclaves that helped them acclimate into their new environments.
(C) The typical worker focused on reinventing themselves by seeking higher education opportunities.
(D) Migrant groups were motivated to create larger political voices in order to secure voting rights in their new homeland
42
Reason for the increased use of the Indian Ocean trade network (list two)
What is the: Magnetic Compass, Knowledge of monsoon winds, easier to carry bulk goods
Silver trade linked these two regions heavily
What are the Americas and China?
This revolution led by Toussaint Louverture
What is the Haitian Revolution?
Reasons for the end of the cold war
What is economic collapse of the Soviet Union, unsustainable military spending (including the Afghanistan war), and reforms by Mikhail Gorbachev (glasnost and perestroika)?
Devshirme “Began in the late 14th century. Christian boys were recruited by force to serve the Ottoman government as janissaries. The boys were generally taken from the Balkan provinces, converted to Islam, and then passed through a series of examinations to determine their intelligence and capabilities. In special palace schools, they learned Arabic, Persian, Turkish, math, calligraphy, Islam, horsemanship, and/or weaponry. Working in the sultan’s personal services was also part of the overall education... At the conclusion of each stage of the boys’ training, the boys passed through a selection and promotion process. The academic education at the palace schools was one of the finest in the Islamic world and among its aims was to produce obedience, as well as high morals. Because of their loyalty to the state, the boys would become guards, gatekeepers, scribes, pages, governors, soldiers, or prime ministers, depending on their merit and seniority. Although the boys were essentially transformed into slaves of the state, most considered it an honor as it led to a highly privileged position in Ottoman administration. This system lasted through the 16th century. There is some evidence that some non-Muslims voluntarily put forth their children to be admitted into this system because of the opportunities it provided the families.” Source: “Devshirme System [Gravure],” in Children and Youth in History, Item #464
In addition to supporting systems to create order such as the devshirme, it was common for rulers between 1450 and 1750 to increase power and expand their empires by
(A) encouraging social mobility by appealing to the peasant and serf classes to prevent rebellions.
(B) building large, elaborate palaces with lots of servants in order to impress other regions to unite with them under one ruler.
(C) developing highly industrialized urban centers in order to mass produce goods that can then be traded.
(D) establishing innovative revenue generating plans such as tribute collection or tax farming to fill treasuries
19