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CONTINUITY & CHANGE
TRAP ANSWERS
100
“Take up the White Man's burden, send forth the best ye breed.” What does this justify?
What is imperialism as a civilizing duty? — MC TIP: Moral language covering economic motive. Name both halves.
100
Because industrial factories needed raw materials and new markets, this followed.
What is a new wave of imperialism? — MC TIP: Industrialization causes imperialism. State it plainly on essays.
100
Ethiopia and Liberia are notable because of this.
What is they remained independent? — MC TIP: Two exceptions on the whole continent. Know both.
100
Continuity: this remained the basic purpose of colonies from Unit 4 through Unit 6.
What is enriching the imperial power? — MC TIP: Mercantilism to industrial imperialism. Same logic, new machinery.
100
A choice says Europeans colonized Africa mainly to spread Christianity. The stronger answer is this.
What is economic motives: raw materials, markets, and investment? — MC TIP: Religion was real but secondary. The exam favors economics.
200
“We have not the machines, and so we must buy what once we made ourselves.” What has happened here?
What is deindustrialization of a colonized economy? — MC TIP: India's textile collapse is the standard case.
200
Because Europeans had machine guns, quinine, steamships, and telegraphs, this became possible.
What is conquering and controlling vast territories with small forces? — MC TIP: Technology explains the speed of the Scramble, not just that it happened.
200
India was ruled directly as a colony. China instead experienced this.
What is economic imperialism through spheres of influence? — MC TIP: Formal versus informal empire. The distinction is heavily tested.
200
Change: after 1800 European empires shifted from coastal trading posts to this.
What is direct control of vast interior territories? — MC TIP: Quinine, railroads, and steamships opened the interiors.
200
A choice claims Africans did not resist colonization. The accurate answer is this.
What is resistance was widespread, from Adwa to the Zulu to countless local revolts? — MC TIP: ‘They did not resist’ is essentially always wrong.
300
“The cartridge must be bitten, and it is greased with the fat of the cow and the pig.” Which event does this describe?
What is the Sepoy Mutiny? — MC TIP: Religious disregard is the spark. Deeper resentment is the fuel.
300
Because the Berlin Conference drew borders for European convenience, this is the lasting consequence.
What is borders that cut across ethnic groups and fuel conflict to this day? — MC TIP: Reach for the long-term effect. Graders reward it.
300
Name one thing the Sepoy Mutiny, the Boxer Rebellion, and the Zulu wars all had in common.
What is they were resistance movements ultimately defeated by industrial military power? — MC TIP: Common outcome, different causes. Say both.
300
Continuity: coerced labor persisted after abolition in these forms.
What are indentured servitude and debt peonage? — MC TIP: Look for the function, not the label.
300
A choice says the Opium Wars were about free trade principles. The blunter answer is this.
What is forcing China to accept a drug trade that reversed Britain's trade deficit? — MC TIP: Watch for euphemism in answer choices.
400
“The land is planted end to end in cocoa, and when the price fell the people went hungry.” Name the underlying problem.
What is dependence on a single cash crop? — MC TIP: Monoculture turns a price drop into a famine.
400
Because slavery was abolished across European empires, plantation owners turned to this.
What is indentured labor from India and China? — MC TIP: Abolition changed the legal form of coerced labor, not the demand for it.
400
Unlike most of Asia and Africa, Latin America in this era was formally independent but still experienced this.
What is economic domination by Britain and the United States? — MC TIP: Political independence without economic independence. A key nuance.
400
Change: this global pattern moved roughly fifty million people between 1850 and 1914.
What is mass labor migration? — MC TIP: Europeans to the Americas, Indians and Chinese across the tropics.
400
A choice claims industrialization spread evenly worldwide in the 1800s. The accurate answer is this.
What is it concentrated in a few regions while others were pushed into supplying raw materials? — MC TIP: The global divergence is the whole point of Unit 6.
500
“Their courts sit in our city, and our magistrates may not summon them.” Name the arrangement.
What is extraterritoriality? — MC TIP: Foreigners exempt from local law. A defining feature of the unequal treaties.
500
Because Japan industrialized rapidly after 1868, this was its position by 1905.
What is an imperial power that defeated Russia? — MC TIP: Industrialize or be colonized. Japan is the proof of that logic.
500
Name the reason Japan and Ethiopia resisted successfully while most other states did not.
What is both had centralized states able to modernize their militaries and unify against invasion? — MC TIP: State capacity is the variable that decides outcomes across this unit.
500
Change: by 1900 colonized peoples had begun forming these, which mattered enormously after 1945.
What are nationalist movements and independence organizations? — MC TIP: The Indian National Congress, founded 1885. Unit 6 plants Unit 8.
500
A stimulus shows a colonial railroad, and a choice calls it development for local benefit. The better reading is this.
What is infrastructure built to move raw materials to ports for export? — MC TIP: Look at where colonial rail lines go. Interior to coast, not city to city.
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