energy & services
100,000 kcal of solar energy how much energy is available to secondary consumers
what is 1,000kcal
the organism during primary succession that colonizes bare rock first
what is lichens
the annual rate of natural increase of a population with birth rate of 40 per 1,000 & death rate of 15 per 1,000
what is 2.5%
best describes difference between weather and climate
what is weather is short term & climate is long term
what the CAFE standards are designed for
what is set minimum fuel economy requirements
the process that changes nitrogen into a form usable by plants
nitrogen fixation
a large island close to he mainland will have ____ species than a small island far away from the mainland
what is more
the country with 3.5% annual growth rate will double when
what is 20 years
the direct impact of building a dam across a river
what is migration of anadromous fish like salmon
the process that releases carbon from long-term geological storage back into the atmosphere
what is combustion of fossil fuels
a forest produces 12,000kcal(GPP) and uses 4,500kcal in respiration WHAT IS THE NPP?
what is 7,500
the human activity that is considered the leading cause of species extinction globally
what is climate change
the stage in demographic transition model where growth rate is highest
what is stage 2
the thing the stratospheric ozone layer protects Earth from
what is UV-B radiation
example of point source air pollution
what is smokestack emissions from a factory
the ecosystem service wetlands filtering pollutants from the water
what is regulating
the area with endemic species and high levels of habitat threat
what is biodiversity hotspot
the species that produces many offspring with little parental care
what is r-selected
the agricultural practice that most effectively reduces water pollution from farms
what is riparian buffers
the most effective way to reduce ocean acidification
what is reducing carbon dioxide emissions globally
The horizon that has the most organic matter and important for agriculture
what is A
edge effects in fragmented habitats typically ____ species that prefer interior habitat conditions
what is harm
the factor limiting population growth
disease transmission
example of positive feedback loop in the climate system
what is warming-melting ice-less reflection-more warming
the two primary mechanisms that are the leading causes of rising sea levels
what is thermal expansion of sea water and melting of land ice