Biodiversity & Biogeography
Range of Tolerance
Succession/Adaptation
Ecosystem Services
100
Identify 2 factors that are used to measure species biodiversity.
species richness
relative abundance (species evenness)
100
What are the 3 categories that would be found on a range of tolerance graph?
optimal range
zone of physiological stress
zone of intolerance
100
What is an adaptation?
What is a trait that by random chance gives an individual a survival advantage in a specific environment. Over time, this trait will become more prevalent in the population as a whole.
100
List the 4 ecosystem services.
What are provisioning, cultural, supporting, and regulating services?
200
According to the theory of island biogeography, what type of island would have the fewest number of different species?
Far from the mainland and small in size
200
What are THREE abiotic factors that a species might experience a range of tolerance for?
pH, sunlight, temperature
200
Explain TWO factors that differentiate primary succession from secondary succession.
primary - no soil and takes longer to reach a climax community
200
List 4 examples of a provisioning ecosystem service.
food
medicine
lumber
freshwater
300
Ecosystem A has 5 different species with the following abundances: A - 20%, B - 15%, C - 20%, D - 20%, and E 15%
Ecosystem B has 5 different species with the following abundances: A - 5% B - 25% C - 25%, D - 35%, and E 10%
Which has the higher biodiversity and why?
Ecosystem A
species richness is the same, but A has a more even distribution of each
300
What is an indicator species?
an organism—such as a plant, animal, or microbe—whose presence, absence, or population health reflects a specific environmental condition or overall ecosystem health
300
What is habitat fragmentation? (do not use the world fragment in your answer)
How do humans cause this?
when a habitat is broken into pieces
deforestation, construction of homes and roads
300
What are 2 ecosystem services that a wetland would provide?
Flood control, water purification, biodiversity
400
Draw an image and describe the bottleneck effect.
a sharp reduction in a population's size caused by a random event—such as a natural disaster or overhunting—that dramatically decreases and alters its genetic diversity
400
Explain how population fluctuates between the zones on a range of tolerance graph AND explain what that means for individual organisms.
Optimal - grow and reproduce (numerous individuals)
Stress - survive but not thrive (few individuals)
Intolerance - death (no individuals)
400
Identify TWO examples of primary succession AND TWO examples of secondary succession disturbances.
primary - glacial retreat and volcanic eruption
secondary - forest fire and abandoned agricultural field
400
What are two examples of cultural services that a freshwater lake ecosystem provides?
recreation, tourism, mental health, spiritual health
500
Why is genetic diversity so important within a population of a particular species?
With higher genetic diversity, there is a higher chance that a favorable mutation will arise. This also increases the chances the population will be able to adapt and evolve in the event of a disturbance.
500
Draw a Range of Tolerance graph.
Graph must include the zones, title, axis labels and units, bell curve
500
Provide an example of the following AND explain what they are.
1) keystone species
answers will vary
500
What are 2 regulating services that a forest ecosystem provides?
climate regulation / photosynthesis (absorbs carbon from the atmosphere)
soil formation