Ecological Succession +
This type of succession starts from bare rock, sand, or gravel, with no soil.
Primary
Identify 3 distinct levels of Biodiversity?
Genetic - Species - Habitat - Ecosystem
What do survivorship curves display?
It displays the relative survival rates of a cohort. There is a type 1, type 2, and type 3 curves.
Page: 75, APES CED
What the two main variables considered?
Size of the island and distance from the mainland.
Describe what a provision Ecosystem Service is
Provision - A good produced by an ecosystem that humans can use directly.
In primary succession, species that can survive with little or no soil are known as
Pioneer species
Describe the difference between species richness and eveness
Species richness - The number of different species in a given area.
Species evenness - The relative proportion of individuals within the different species in a given area.
Explain what often happens when a species exceeds an ecosystem's carrying capacity?
A major ecological effect of the population overshoot is dieback of the population because the lack of available resources, famine, disease, and conflict.
Page: 76, APES CED
Explain why large islands often contain more species
Larger islands have more available niches in a larger habitat, which can support more species.
Describe what a Regulating Service is and give an example
Natural ecosystems help to regulate environmental conditions such as: biogeochemical cycles and water filtration.
A species that is not very abundant but has large effects on an ecological community.
Keystone species
Difference in characteristics between specialist v generalist. (animals)
Generalist: They survive in a variety of environments. They can also adapt very quicky. less vulnerable to extinction.
Specialist: They can only survive in specific environments. They cannot adapt quickly to environmental changes. More vulnerable to extinction.
Page: 62, APES CED
What happens to a population when there are an abundant of resources.
When there is a lot of resources available the population usually grows.
Page: 77, APES CED
Name an example of a habitat island that is not surrounded by water.
Central Park, a state or national park, or other type of natural protected wilderness
Describe a Supporting System
Supporting services for ecosystem health and human benefit - crop pollination, water supply, pest control.
Scientists monitor streams to determine how many species of mayflies are present. Certain species of mayflies are particularly sensitive to pollutants in streams. In this scenario, mayfly species would be considered an _________________________.
Indicator Species
Explain why ecosystems with higher species richness are better able to recover from disturbances.
High habitat diversity favors the persistence of habitat specialists, which have very narrow habitat requirements. High species diversity leads to increased primary productivity and increased stability in ecosystems.
A hurricane happening and wiping out some of its population is an example of what factor?
A density-independent factor.
Page: 80, APES CED
Habitat __________________ has led to the creation of increasing terrestrial "islands."
fragmentation
Identify a Cultural Service
Recreation, religion, or aesthetic benefit
As successional stages progress over time into a climax forest, shrubs and grasses that continue to survive likely have a large range of tolerance for which abiotic factor?
Sunlight/Shade
The biological process in which organisms best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on their beneficial genetic traits to future generations
Natural Selection
The following traits would exemplify a _______-selected species: low to no parental care, many offspring, and reproductive maturity at a young age
r-selected
Describe why some species on islands are particularly vulnerable to invasive species.
Many species that are native to islands have evolved into specialists that can have a narrow diet and have not developed defenses against predators or pathogens. When invasive species are introduced, many of them are generalists that can consume the limited food of the native species or act as predators or pathogens that can decimate the island species.
What is the estimated dollar value of ecosystem services world wide?
Researchers estimated that ecosystem services were worth over $125 trillion per year, which is about twice the entire global economy. This underscores the importance of preserving ecosystem services to maintain a sustainable planet.