Population Basics
The maximum number of people an area can support.
What is carrying capacity?
What does a total fertility rate below 2.1 indicate about a country's population?
The population is likely to decline without immigration.
The stage of the DTM where birth rates remain high while death rates begin to fall, causing rapid population growth.
What is Stage 2?
The term for a government policy that encourages people to have more children.
What is pro-natalist?
Conditions that make people want to leave a place.
What are push factors?
This scholar predicted that population would outgrow food supply, leading to famine and conflict.
Who is Malthus?
The term for the number of people per square unit of land?
What is Population Density?
When a country's birth rate is high and death rate is low, what happens to its population?
It grows rapidly.
What can a sharp narrowing at the base population pyramid tell us about a country's birth rate?
The birth rates are declining rapidly.
The country that implemented a one-child policy other than slow population growth in the late 20th century.
What is China?
The type of migration taht happens in a series of smaller moves, gradually bringing a person to their final destination.
What is step migration?
Name one social or economic factor that usually leads to a decline in fertility rates.
Increased education for women, access to contraception, urbanization, or high cost of living.
The type of population density that measures people per unit of arable land.
What is physiological density?
The term for the average number of children a woman is expected to have in her lifetime.
What is total fertility rate?
Why do birth rates begin to decline in stage 3 of the DTM.
Due to increased urbanization, access to family planning, and changing social values.
What is a common strategy used in anti-natalist policies?
providing free contraception or access to family planning services.
According to Ravenstein, this is the type of area that migrants typically move to.
What are urban areas?
The term for money that is sent by migrants back to family in their home country.
What are Remittances?
Population patterns shown on the map indicate that areas in deserts and high montain regions have higher densities. Which of the following best explains why these regions are more sparsely populated?
The harsh condition have a low carrying capacity
Subsidies(Lowering costs) for Families with children, Decreasing the cost of childcare so that families can afford to have more children, Baby boxes, etc.
The stage of the DTM is characterized by a declining population and an aging society.
What is stage 5?
Why might a developed country adopt a pro-natalist policy?
To counter population decline, labor shortages, and an aging population.
If rural-to-urban migration continues in China, which of the following outcomes is most likely?
Farming will become unsustainable.
Housing shortages in urban areas will be common.
Schools in rural areas will not have enough students to remain open.
Manufacturing areas will face labor shortages.
Wages will increase in urban areas.
Housing shortages in urban areas will be common.
The model that shows the shift in disease patterns as a country develops, paralleling the demographic transition model.
What is the epidemiological transition model?
What is a political effect of open-border policies leading to a large increase of migrants into the European Union?
Growing due to competition between immigrants and local people for available jobs
A country has a crude birth rate of 10 and a crude death rate of 12. What is its natural increase rate, and what does this mean?
The NIR is -2, meaning the population is decreasing.
Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have total fertility rates that exceed 5.0. Which of the following population characteristics is associated with this phenomenon?
High youth dependency ratio
What is one possible negative consequence of a strict anti-natalist policy?
Gender imbalances, aging population, or human rights violations.
Based on the demographic transition model, name 3 countries that are best described as exhibiting overall negative rates of growth in stage 4/5?
Japan, Europe, USA, etc.
How can an aging population impact a country's economy and social services?
Fewer workers to support the economy, greater demand for healthcare and pensions, and a possible need for immigration to fill labor shortages.