Unit 6
The increase in housing prices and displacement of lower-income residents in neighborhoods like parts of Brooklyn demonstrates this.
What is gentrification?
Jobs in healthcare, education, and retail are part of this economic sector.
What is the tertiary sector?
A farmer grows crops only to feed their family rather than sell them on the market.
What is subsistence agriculture?
This model shows a city developing in rings outward from a central business district, with zones like transition and suburbs.
What is the Concentric Zone Model (Burgess Model)?
The maximum population size that an environment can sustain without being degraded.
What is carrying capacity?
Cities like Los Angeles with multiple business districts instead of one central CBD follow this model.
What is the Multiple Nuclei Model?
Factories moving from the U.S. to countries like Vietnam for cheaper labor is an example of this process.
What is outsourcing (or offshoring)?
A city grows rapidly, and wealthier residents move to the suburbs while poorer residents remain in the inner city.
What is suburbanization
This population theory argues that technological advances can increase food supply to meet population needs
What is Boserup’s Theory?
The removal of a group of people from a territory to create ethnic homogeneity.
What is ethnic cleansing?
Informal settlements such as favelas in Brazil develop primarily due to this issue in rapidly growing cities.
What is lack of affordable housing (or rapid urbanization without infrastructure)?
The clustering of businesses in places like Silicon Valley due to shared resources is explained by this concept.
What is agglomeration?
A government redraws voting district boundaries to benefit one political party
What is gerrymandering?
A city develops along major highways, with wealthier neighborhoods forming in wedges outward from the CBD.
What is the Sector Model (Hoyt Model)?
The total number of live births per 1,000 people in a year.
What is crude birth rate (CBR)?
In cities like New York, where land prices are highest in the CBD and decrease outward leading to luxury apartments, offices, and different land uses competing for space, this model explains how land value shapes urban patterns.
What is the Bid-Rent Theory
The global dominance of the U.S. and Europe compared to less-developed regions like Sub-Saharan Africa reflects this theory dividing the world into core, semi-periphery, and periphery.
What is World Systems Theory?
A company chooses a factory location close to raw materials to minimize transportation costs.
What is a least-cost location (Weber’s theory)?
The idea that culture is shaped by the environment, such as traditional housing adapting to climate, reflects this geographic perspective.
What is environmental determinism
The practice in U.S. cities where real estate agents encouraged white residents to sell their homes by stoking fear that minority groups would move in, often leading to rapid neighborhood demographic change.
What is blockbusting?
In a region where small towns are evenly spaced around a larger areas providing specialized services like hospitals and universities, this theory explains the spatial distribution and hierarchy of those settlements.
What is Central Place Theory?
A country rapidly industrializing with increased investment in manufacturing and infrastructure is in this stage of Rostow’s model.
What is the takeoff stage (Stage 3)?
A boundary that was drawn without regard to existing cultural or ethnic groups, like many in Africa during colonialism.
What is a superimposed boundary?
This concept explains how cultural traits spread outward but weaken with distance, like how slang terms fade as you move away from their origin.
What is distance decay?
The 1884–1885 meeting where European powers divided Africa into colonies without regard for existing ethnic or cultural boundaries. This created the legacy of modern day consequent and geometric boundaries in Africa.
What is the Berlin Conference?