Phylum Porifera
the substances that provide support to the sponge and cause it to be hard and prickly versus soft
What are spicules and spongin?
common mode of asexual reproduction among phylum Cnidaria
What is budding?
the reproductive organ where earthworms store their sperm BEFORE it mates
What are seminal vesicles?
flagellated cells that push water and food (algae, bacteria, and organic matter) through a sponge
What are collar cells?
the sessile, tubular form of a cnidarian with a mouth and tentacles at one end and a basal disk at the other
What is a polyp?
the ability to regrow a missing part of the body and common mode of asexual reproduction among phylum Platyhelminthes
What is regeneration?
the jellylike substance that separates the epidermis from the inner cells of the sponge
What is mesenchyme?
a free-swimming cnidarian with a bell-shaped body and tentacles
What is a medusa?
possessing both the male and female reproductive organs
What is hermaphroditic?
flat worms do not need a __________ ______ due to the advanced nature of another biological system
What is circulatory system?
cells that move using pseudopods and perform different functions in different animals
What are amoebacytes?
small capsules that contain a toxin which is injected into prey or predators of a Cnidarian
What are nematocysts?
flat worm with complex digestive and nervous systems is/is not a ____________
What is not a parasite?
an organism with 2 shells
What are bivalves?
a cluster of cells encased in a hard, spicule-reinforced shell
What is gemmule?
animal tissue consisting of one or more layers of cells that have only one free surface, because the other surface adheres to a membrane or other substance
What is epithelium?
this stops when an earthworm's cuticle dries up
What is respiration?
characteristics include primitive digestive and nervous systems, suckers, hooks, and mechanisms to protect themselves from digestive juices and infection-fighters
What is a parasitic flatworm? (tapeworms, flukes)