Wars
Armed conflict between royalists and parliamentarians, resulting in the victory of pro-Parliament forces and the execution of Charles I.
House of Burgesses
Frontier farmers who illegally occupied land owned by others or not yet officially opened for settlement.
squatters
First formal statute governing the treatment of slaves, which provided for harsh punishments against offending slaves but lacked penalties for the mistreatment of slaves by masters.
Barbados Slave Code of 1661
Antinomian religious dissenter brought to trial for heresy in MA Bay after arguing that she need not follow wither God's laws or man's claiming direct revelation from God
Anne Hutchinson
Religious group known for their tolerance, emphasis on peace, and idealistic Indian policy, who settled heavily in Pennsylvania in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
Quakers
Began with an Indian attack on Newbern, North Carolina. After the Tuscaroras were defeated, remaining Indian survivors migrated northward, eventually joining the Iroquois Confederacy as its sixth nation.
Tuscarora War
In politics, a territory between two antagonistic powers, intended to minimize the possibility of conflict between them.
buffer
Passed in Maryland, it guaranteed toleration to all Christians but decreed the death penalty for those, like Jews and atheists, who denied the divinity of Jesus Christ.
Act of Toleration (1649)
Prominent Quaker activist who founded Pennsylvania as a haven for fellow Quakers in 1681; established friendly relations with neighboring Indian tribes and attracted a wide array of settlers to his colony with promises of economic opportunity and ethnic and religious toleration
William Penn
Puritan general who helped lead parliamentary forces during the English Civil War, and ruled England as Lord Protector from 1653 until his death in 1658.
Oliver Cromwell
Series of clashes between English settlers and Pequot Indians in the Connecticut River valley. Ended in the slaughter of the Pequots by the Puritans and their Narragansett Indian allies.
Pequot War (1636-1638)
Dominant theological credo of the New England Puritans based on the teachings of John Calvin. Calvinists believed in predestination—that only "the elect" were destined for salvation.
Calvinism
Series of laws passed, beginning in 1651, to regulate colonial shipping; the acts provided that only English ships would be allowed to trade in English and colonial ports
Navigation Laws
Assumed the throne with the restoration of the monarchy in 1660. He sought to establish firm control over the colonies, ending the period of relative independence on the American mainland.
Charles II
Belief that the elect need not obey the law of either God or man; most notably espoused in the colonies by Anne Hutchinson.
Antinomianism
Series of assaults by Metacom, King Philip, on English settlements in New England. The attacks slowed the westward migration of New England settlers for several decades.
King Philip's War
Calvinist doctrine that God has foreordained some people to be saved and some to be damned.
predestination
Agreement to form a majoritarian government in Plymouth, signed aboard the Mayflower. Created a foundation for self-government in the colony.
Mayflower Compact
Wampanoag chieftain who signed a peace treaty with Plymouth Bay settlers in 1621 and helped them celebrate the first Thanksgiving.
Massasoit
Administrative union created by royal authority, incorporating all of New England, New York, and East and West Jersey.
Dominion of New England
Relatively peaceful overthrow of the unpopular Catholic monarch, James II, replacing him with Dutch-born William III and Mary, daughter of James II.
Glorious Revolution
Intense religious experience that confirmed an individual's place among the "elect," or the "visible saints."
conversion
Drafted by settlers in the Connecticut River Valley, document was the first "modern constitution" establishing a democratically controlled government.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Erudite leader of the separatist Pilgrims ho left England for Holland and eventually sailed on the Mayflower to establish the first English colony in MA; his account of the colony's founding, Of Plymouth Plantation, remains classic of American literature and an indispensable historical source
William Bradford
Unofficial policy of relaxed royal control over colonial trade and only weak enforcement of Navigation Laws.
salutary neglect