Early Colonization
This nation's colonies were based on agriculture; large number of men and women inhabited the colonies; relatively hostile relations with Native Americans.
Characteristics of English colonization
Spread of goods, ideas, people, and diseases between Africa, Europe, and the Americas.
Columbian Exchange
This area was founded by mostly Puritans, a group of like-minded individuals. These colonies tended to be close-knit and had longer life expectancy than other English colonies. The economy was a mix of farming and trade.
Characteristics of New England colonies
Time period that focused on reason and knowledge and promoted new ideas about government (natural rights, consent of the governed, separation of powers). These ideas helped influence the American Revolution. This promoted the idea of self-governance though colonial assemblies and town meetings.
The Enlightenment
Native American revolt in the late 17th century in present-day New Mexico against the Spanish. The Spanish were expelled for over 10 years. Once they regained control, the Spanish began to take a more accommodating approach to Natives and allowed some religious accommodation.
Pueblo Revolt
Sought tight control over the colonies and focused on
converting and exploiting the Natives. (Think 3 Gs)
Characteristics of Spanish Colonization
Spanish system of granting land to colonists in the New World. This system exploited Native Americans and resources.
Encomienda System
These colonies were the most religiously diverse and saw the most immigrants from Europe. The economy was based on grain. Quakers.
Middle Colonies
What was one of the first examples of self-governance in the New World, was formed in Virginia in 1642/43 by the General Assembly. By its creation, the General Assembly then became bicameral.
House of Burgessess
were men and women who signed a contract by which they agreed to work for a certain number of years in exchange for transportation to Virginia and, once they arrived, food, clothing, and shelter.
Indentured Servitude/Indentured Servant
Fewer inhabitants than other countries; focused on trade, alliances, and intermarriage with Native Americans. Heavy focus on furs (beaver)
Characteristics of French & Dutch Colonization
Why did the Spanish begin to rely on African Slaves to replace Native American slave labor?
The Native American population decline rapidly due to European diseases (SMALL POX) while African Americans were immune to many of these diseases. It was also very difficult to subjugate the native population
Relied on indentured servants initially; later replaced by African slaves. Staple crops like tobacco, rice, and sugar made the colonies prosperous. Discrepancies between the backcountry poor and the coastal elite
Southern Colonies
What was the first self-governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was written by the male passengers of the Mayflower, consisting of separatist Puritans, adventurers, and tradesmen.
Mayflower Compact
Significant leader of the Puritans whom stated "For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us."
John Winthrop
This colony was founded as a safe haven for Catholics
Maryland
What effect did maize have on the old world?
Once it was introduced to Europe (Columbian Exchange), it helped lead to a drastic increase in population.
The Pilgrims wanted to separate from the Church of England, while the Puritans hoped to do this to the Church of England.
What is "reform" or "purify" it?
Economic policy that focuses on making money for the mother country. This policy favors a positive balance of trade for the mother country and the accumulation of gold and silver.
Mercantilism
The Salem Witch Trials demonstrate this social phenomenon in which fear and pressure to conform can cause a community to abandon critical thinking, accept accusations without strong evidence, and blame individuals or groups for its problems.
What are groupthink, scapegoating, and/or mass paranoia?
Name at least 3 reasons individuals migrated to the New World
1. Religious & Political Freedom
2. Economic Opportunities
3. To Christianize others
Why 1491 – 1607 was chosen as the dates for period 1?
1491 is one year prior to the arrival of Columbus and Europeans, and 1607 is the year England established a permanent settlement at Jamestown
The rebellion highlighted the strife between backcountry frontiersmen facing Native American attacks and the rich plantation owners living near coastal settlements
BACON'S Rebellion
The first colonial constitution. In Hartford, Connecticut, the first constitution in the American colonies
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Native Americans resisted English Colonial expansion leading to numerous wars such as (Name one)
Pequot War, Beaver Wars, & King Philip's War