Early Migration & Native Americans
Archaeological evidence suggests the earliest Americans arrived around 13,000 BCE by crossing what land bridge?
What is the Bering land bridge?
This 1494 treaty illustrated the European view that they could claim and divide non-European lands.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
England's primary motivation for establishing colonies in Virginia was to create these.
What are profitable enterprises?
Many southern colonies' described this group of people as being barbarous, savage, and of wild nature in order to justify strict laws.
Who are slaves?
The 1649 Maryland Act of Toleration was designed to protect this religious group.
Who are Roman Catholics?
Native American political structures ranged from simple bands to complex states, demonstrating the relationship between this and social complexity.
What is environmental adaptation?
The Spanish established this system to extract labor and tribute from Native Americans.
What is the encomienda system?
This labor system developed in colonial America as a direct response to labor shortages in the colonies.
What is indentured servitude?
Native Americans being intolerant to European diseases and ability to flee to neighboring tribes resulted in a shift to this.
What is African slavery?
John Winthrop's "City Upon a Hill" sermon reinforced that New England colonies were this type of society.
What are homogenous, tightly knit colonies?
Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, Native Americans would complain about this infringing on their way of life.
What are European colonists.
This movement in Europe created religious competition for converting Native Americans and influenced colonization patterns.
What is the Protestant Reformation?
In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon led a rebellion that demonstrated this type of divide between wealthier and poorer colonists.
What is a class divide (or increasing class division)?
The rise in tobacco exports in Virginia created greater demand for this.
What is labor (or slaves)?
Winthrop's ideas were largely based on the belief that Massachusetts Bay Colony was a colony of these types of people.
Who are religious believers (or Puritans)?
This was a significant cause of Native American population decline shown in colonial-era graphs, along with warfare and gun trade.
What are European diseases (or smallpox)?
The Renaissance contributed to European exploration through advancements in this field.
What is navigation (or technology/science)?
Bacon's attitudes toward Native Americans and the frontier showed continuity with the increasing anger of colonists in this region.
What is the backcountry (or western parts of the colony)?
Between 1690 and 1750, the black population in the Chesapeake colonies increased significantly due to the development of this type of agriculture.
What is cash crop agriculture (or tobacco farming)?
New England town structure developed due to this farming style.
What is sustenance farming?
Native Americans differed from Europeans in viewing land in this way, rather than as private property.
What is a communal resource?
This exchange fundamentally transformed both American and European societies after 1492 through the introduction of livestock, crops, and diseases.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
Nathanial Bacon would succumb to this infamous disease.
What is dysentery?
This British law most directly affected Atlantic trade patterns shown on triangular trade maps.
What are the Navigation Acts?
This resulted in the Chesapeake region being able to focus on growing cash crops, rather than sustenance farming.
What is longer growing season? (warmer climate, better soil)