Ancient China
What is the mandate of heaven?
The belief that the divine source of authority gives the right or power to China's early kings and emperors to rule.
The ancient god or divine force known as Heaven or Sky had selected this particular individual to rule on its behalf on earth.
Name 3 innovations of the Tang and Song dynasties.
book making (paper making and the woodblock method)
gun powder
porcelain
magnetic compass
civil service exams
What was Mongol life like before they became an empire? Give 3 examples
Nomadic, hunt and gather, women had more equality, men were skilled warriors using bows and arrows on horseback, lived in portable yurts, did not collect physical posessions, lived in the grasslands of the East Asian Steppe.
Who was Zheng He? Why is he important?
A traveler or explorer for the Ming Dynasty that displayed the power and wealth of the Ming to the western world.
What social class was responsible for watching over the land in feudal Japan?
What is the dynastic cycle?
The belief that explains the rise and fall of dynasties in China. Families receive the mandate of heaven, then it is taken away and a new family must rise to power.
What is neo-confucianism?
Who was the leader that unified the Mongol tribes under one government and military?
Ghendis Khan
Why was the Ming dynasty after the Yuan dynasty’s control considered significant?
The Ming were the first Chinese dynasty after foreign Mongolian control.
This position was selected by the gods.
The Emperor
How can the people of China tell when the ruling family has lost the mandate of heaven?
If problems begin to occur in the dynasty. Natural disasters, peasant revolts, invasions, famine.
Which empire controlled more territory, the Tang or the Song? Why?
The Tang because they had control of the Silk Road.
Who was Kublai Khan?
Grandson of Ghandis Khan, he controlled the Yuan Dynasty in China while Mongolian Empire experienced a golden age.
How did the Ming feel about foreigners? Give an example.
They wanted to be isolated and did not trust foreign ideas. They closed trade, got rid of Buddhism and built up the Great Wall of China.
Who were samurai? What was the code of bushido?
Samurai were local Japanese warriors that fought for the daimyo and followed a loyalty code called bushido.
What are two values of Confucianism?
ancestor worship, filial piety, 5 key relationships.
How did trade and travel affect religion in the Tang and Song Dynasties?
The Tang had control of the Silk Road and enjoyed safe trade and travel. They were open to foreign religion like Buddhism.
The Song were constantly invaded by the North and because of this, Chinese Confucianism was more popular.
What is a khanate?
Why is little known about Zheng He?
After his travels, the new emperor destroyed his ships and his travels were not mentioned because they went back to isolation.
What class was at the VERY bottom of the social class pyramid in feudal Japan? Why?
Merchants were at the very bottom of the social class system. According to Confucian beliefs, merchants make their money off of the work of others. This profession is not valued.
What are the five key relationships in Confucianism? Name two of those relationships.
Five basic relationships people have and how to give and show respect in those relationships.
Emperor to subject, husband to wife, older to younger brother, friend to friend.
How did interactions with foreigners change from the Tang to the Song Dynasties?
The Tang experienced peaceful trade and safety. They accepted and were interested in foreign ideas and travel.
During the Song dynasty, fear of constant invasion from Mongols in the north led to isolation and a turn away from foreign trade and ideas.
Why was Ghendis Khan successful at building the Mongolian Empire? List two reasons.
He spread wealth equally between his army, Mongol fighting tactics were brutal, he moved skilled people he conquered to different regions of the empire to suppress rebellion.
What was the purpose of Zheng He's travels? Name ONE reason.
The purpose of the trip was to show off China's wealth and power as well as force smaller neighboring regions to pay tributes to China.
What was the main focus during the Heian period in Japan?