Ball of gases going through the process of nuclear fusion to produce energy, heat, and light.
100
What separates the inner planets from the outer planets?
The Asteroid Belt
100
What is the orbital period of the moon?
29.5 days
100
What is the equation to find the Kinetic Energy of an object?
KE= 1/2 (M)x(V)^2
200
What is 1 Astronomical Unit equal to in kilometers?
150,000,000 km
200
Name the different Star Types.
Protostar
Main Sequence
Red Giant
White Dwarf
Black Dwarf
200
What is a popular theory of how our solar system was created?
The Solar Nebula Theory
200
What does the moon influence here on earth?
Tides
200
Kepler's third law states that a planet's orbital period squared is equal to its average distance from the sun cubed. (P^2=a^3) P= period given in Earth years
a= planets average distance from the sun in A.U.
Jupiters average distance is 5.2 A.U, what does a equal?
(5.2x5.2x5.2)=140.6
Therefore P^2= 140.6, to solve for P, the square root of 140.6 is 11.9.
300
What are the three Laws of Motion?
1) Law of Inertia
2) Law of Acceleration
3) Law of Action-Reaction
300
What are the spectral classes of stars and the color they produce?
What are the two types of eclipses and what causes them?
Lunar Eclipse- Moon passes into Earths shadow
Solar Eclipse- Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun and casts a shadow on Earth
300
Determine the kinetic energy of a 625 kg asteroid that is moving with a speed of 18.3 m/s.
KE= 1/2(M)x(V)^2
209,306.25
400
Name Kepler's 3 Laws of Planetary Motion and what they mean.
1) Law of Ellipses- Orbit is not circular.
2) Law of Equal Areas- Orbit time is the same on opposite sides of orbit.
3) Law of Periods- Calculation of distance using the time of orbit.
400
What is the diagram that plots a stars temperature v.s its absolute magnitude?
H-R Diagram
400
What are the differences between meteors, meteorites, meteoroids, comets, and asteroids?
Meteors-Debris that burn up in Earths atmosphere
Meteorites-meteors that reach earths surface
Meteoroids-solid chunk of debris in space before entry into our atmosphere
Comets-Ball of rock and ice that orbit the sun
Asteroids-small bodies of generally rock that orbit the sun
400
Name the different moon features and what they indicate.
Craters- Impact scars from meteors
Maria- Law lying, dark areas, basaltic areas,young features
Highlands- Bright spots, rich in calcium, oldest features
Rilles- Canyons carved by lava flows or crustal cracking
Rays- Streaks of dust radiating from a crater
400
There are two planets in a solar system. Planet A is 3 A.U away from a star, B is 600,000,000 km away, which will receive light first?
Planet A because 3x150,000,000=450,000,000 km
450,000,000 km<600,000,000 km
500
Name the 3 main types of telescopes and how they work.
What is the closest star(except the sun) and how far it is from Earth?
Proxima Centauri, 4.3 Light Years away
500
What are the steps of the Solar Nebula Theory?
1) Interstellar cloud contracts
2) Forms a spinning disk
3) Material begins to condense and cool down
4) Particles clump through accretion (forms planetismals)
5) Planetismals collide and stick to form planets
500
Name 3 theories of how the moon was formed?
1) Giant Impact-Large object collided with early formation of Earth and material ejected into space
2) Accretion-Materials clumped together like the formation of the planets
3) Capture-Earths gravity captured the moon
500
How long (in hours) does it take light to reach Pluto, given that Pluto is 39 A.U. away from the Sun?
(Hint: it takes light 8.3 minutes for light to reach Earth from the sun)