Atoms and Elements
the staircase on your periodic table is
What are metalloids?
potassium gives up its 1 valence electron making it a
what is a cation?
This term describes how the size of an ion compares to its neutral atom
What is ionic radius?
This family has the easiest work of attracting electrons
What are halogens?
Which atomic particles are included when calculating atomic mass?
Protons and Neutrons
families are organized into this
what are vertical columns based on electrons?
hydrogen has 3 isotopes. Name 1 thing that makes them different and 1 thing that makes them similar
diff: number of neutrons, mass
same: reactivity, proton, same element
Which is larger: Na or Na⁺?
Na (losing electrons shrinks the radius — fewer shells, less repulsion)
This family is moderately reactive and tends to give up 2 electrons.
What are alkaline earth metals?
periods go in this direction
Left - right
How many neutrons does uranium-235 have and is it an ion or isotope?
143 and an isotope
Which has a bigger radius 1. Se or As 2. Se or Te
As
Te
The energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom.
What is ionization energy?
How many neutrons does cobalt-60 have?
33 neutrons
this means metals can be drawn into a thin wire
What is ductile?
Chlorine-35 has an abundance of 75% and chlorine-37 has 25%. Calculate the average atomic mass.
35.5 amu
The energy change when an atom gains an electron.
What is Electron affinity?
An atom's ability to attract shared electrons in a chemical bond
What is electronegativity?
2 reasons He is placed on the far right.
stable, full shell, gas, doesn't bond, highest ionization energy, smallest atom
N has gained 3 electrons - what is this type of ion, and how has this affected its size.
What is a anion and has gotten larger.
Rank from smallest to largest radius: O²⁻, F⁻, Na⁺, Mg²⁺.
Mg²⁺ -- Na⁺ -- F⁻ --O²⁻
This group has the highest ionization energy and no electron affinity, and why?
Noble gases, highest ionization energy because they will not give up an electron, and no electron affinity because it doesn't want another electron.